Caprifoliaceae. 



359 



Sa.mhucus. Elder. 

 (Family Caprifoliaceae). 



Open shrubs, or exceptionally- 

 arborescent: deciduous. Twigs 

 more or less 6- or 8- or 10-sided 

 or angled, stout: pith very large 

 and soft, continuous. Buds soli- 

 tary or multiple, the larger some- 

 what stalked and occasionally de- 

 veloping the first year, ovoid or 

 the smaller depressed, with 3-5 

 pairs of scales: end-bud mostly 

 lacking. Leaf-scars opposite or 

 exceptionally in whorls of 3, 

 broadly crescent-shaped or 3- or 

 4-sided, large, low, more or less 

 transversely connected: bundle- 

 traces 3 or 5 or 7: stipule-scars 

 usually lacking. 



Winter-character references: 

 Sambucus canadensis. Brendel, 

 28, pi. 1; Hitchcock (3), 16, (4), 

 137, f. 77-79. 8. nigra. Bose- 



mann, 65; Fant, 45, f. 49; Schneider, f. 20, 202; Ward, 1:58, 



f. 75; Willkomm, 9, 49, f. 89. flf. racemosa. Bosemann, 65; 



Schneider, f. 202; Willkomm, 4, 7, 50, f. 90. flf. racemosa Sie- 



boldiana. Shirasawa, 277. 



1. Pith white: buds rather small (4 mm.), often superposed. 2. 

 Pith brown: bundle-traces mostly three. 3. 



2. Lenticels moderate. (1). S. canadensis. 

 Lenticels very numerous and prominent. S. nigra. 



3. Buds rather small, often multiple. S. racemosa. 

 Buds large (10 mm.), solitary. S. pubens. 



