



Glossary 365 



undle-traces. The points on a leaf-scar where woody strands 

 passed from the stem into the leaf; their number and 

 position afford good winter-distinctions, and usually they 

 are constant in number and position for a given species. 

 Some entire families are characterized by the number of 

 their bundle-traces: 1 in Myrtaceae and Ericaceae, 2 in 

 Ginkgoaceae, etc. In long narrow leaf-scars their num- 

 ber is usually greater in the species with longer scars 

 (3 to 5 in maple). Frequently the common number 3 is 

 increased by the fragmentation or division of one or all 

 into a corresponding number of groups of aggregated 

 traces (species of maple, Juglandaceae, elm). In Olea- 



Iceae, which frequently have 1 transversely elongated bun- 

 dle-trace, this may be transformed into a nearly closed el- 

 lipse, either uninterrupted or broken at rather short 

 intervals. Rather exceptionally, numerous bundle-traces 

 occur scattered over the leaf-scar, as in oak. See, fur- 

 ther, foliar gaps. 

 Burl. A knot or woody growth of very irregular grain, usu- 

 ally because of the continued activity of many slowly 

 developing buds or branch-rudiments. 

 Buttressed. With supporting wings (mahogany trunk). 

 Caducous. Falling away early (bud-scales of clethra). 

 Calyx. The outer floral envelope, consisting of sepals. 

 Canes. The long shoots of blackberry, grape, etc. 

 Canescent. Ash-colored, with gray hairs. 



Capsule. A dry dehiscent fruit (rose-of-sharon, mock orange). 

 Cataphyls. Scales or leaf rudiments on the lower part of a 



stem. 

 Catkin. The simple elongated flower-cluster of willow, etc. 

 Cauliflorous. Flowering on the trunk or on specialized spurs 



from it or from the larger branches (redbud, cacao), 

 -celled. Referring to the number of seed-cavities in a fruit. 

 Chaffy. With flattened hairs (chiogenes); thin and chaff -like 

 (coca scales). 



