xxxii First Report on Economic Zoology. 



GROUP F. 



Animals which concern Man as being destructive to his 

 worked-up Products of Art and Industry, such as {A) his 

 various Works, Buildings and larger Constructions and 

 Habitations ; (-B) his Furniture and Books, Drapery and 

 Clothing ; (C) Food and Clothes. 



The numerous animal pests coming in this group do not all confine 

 their attacks to one sub-group only, but they will be dealt with under the 

 heading of that sub-group in which they occasion most damage. A large 

 nimiber of these pests are cosmopolitan, having been distributed chiefly 

 by artificial agencies {i.e., Corn Weevils, Cockroaches, Rats). Others 

 have a wide distribution from natural agencies, such as ocean currents 

 (Teredo wonns). 



Survey of Sub-group A of Group F. 



ANIMALS DESTRUCTIVE TO MAN'S BUILDINGS AND LARGER 

 CONSTRUCTIONS AND HABITATIONS. 



Protozoa to Chsetopoda ... None. 



Crustacea Limnoria terebrans and Zi(/7iO)-2wi, and others do damage 



to marine works and shipping. 



Arachnida None. 



Hexapoda Numerous insects destroy the woodwork of bridges, 



telegraph poles, etc., such as Terviites or white ants ; 



carpenter bees (Xylocopa) ; death watch beetles (Anc- 



bium) ; ants (Formicidas). 

 Chilopoda and Diplopoda None. 

 Mollusca Teredo worms damage marine works by boring into the 



wood ; Drcisscna by entering water pipes ; Saxicava 



burrow into stone piers. 



Tunicata None. 



Fishes None. 



Birds Birds do damage and cause annoyance by building in 



chimney stacks (sparrows, storks) and by destroying 



mortar in buildings (pigeons). Woodpeckers damage 



telegraph poles in Germany. 

 Mammals Burrowing animals may undermine man's buildings and 



habitations (rabbits, rats, mice), and dam-forming 



animals (beavers), by causing floods, may damage 



bridges ; otters, voles, by burrowing, damage canal and 



river banks. 



Survey of Sub-group B. 



ANIMALS INJURIOUS TO FURNITURE, BOOKS, DRAPERY AND 



CLOTHING. 



Protozoa to Crustacea None. 



Arachnida Acari (GZz/cyj/iagrtfs) spoil furniture and are obnoxious. 



Hexapoda Termites or white ants; wood-boring beetles {Xylobiiivi 



and Anobiiwi) ; leaf-cutting bees {Mcgachile) ; clothes 

 moths {Tinea)-. Dcrmcstcs beetles attack soft goods; 

 cockroaches (Blattidai) attack boots, also Aiwbium; 



