38 First Report on Economic Zoology. 

 Insect Galls on Osier Plants. 



Diseased osier-shoots were sent to tlie Board of Agriculture by a 

 correspondent, infested with the larvae of one of the Gall Midges 

 {Cccidomyidce). The material sent was not sufficient to say definitely 

 the species of Cecid doing the damage, but probably it was Cecidomyia 

 salicina, Schrk. 



The following Cecid Willow Galls, formed on stems and twigs, 

 may occur in abundance in any part of Great Britain : — 



Those that form true leaf galls are not mentioned in this report. 



(1.) Cecidomyia heterohia, Lw. The larvae live in the male flowers 

 and in rosettes on the leaves of salix, especially S. amygdalina. These 

 larvae pupate in the galls. 



(2.) C. salicina, Schrk. The larvae live in the withered tips of 

 the young shoots of salix — in the terminal leaflets of the shoots 

 which wither away and form a bud-shaped nidus. Tlii'ee to eight 

 larvae inhabit each gall. 



(3.) C. terminalis, Lw. The larvae are yellowish-red and live in 

 bloated galls on the shoots of salix; 20-30 ova are deposited at a 

 time. When the larvae leave the shoots, many scars appear between 

 the healthy and galled parts. They pupate in the ground. 



(4.) C. rosaria, Lw. The larvae form rose- shaped galls at the ends 

 of the boughs. They pupate in the rosette. 



(5.) G. saliciperda, Duf. Orange larva3 found, from July to 

 August, in the wood of young willows under the bark, where they 

 form short irregular passages with gall-shaped swellings, and cause 

 the bark to crack and become scabby. 



(6.) C. salicis, Schrk. The larvae form large woody galls on the 

 boughs, many in each gall, and pupate in the swellings they form. 



On making a careful examination of the material sent, one gall 

 was found to contain four orange-yellow Cecid larvae. Probably (as 

 most of the galls were empty) they pupate in the earth, and thus 

 some good might be done by a heavy dressing of soot in the spring, or 

 sand sprinkled with paraffin and spread over the stocks or stools. 

 But until the life-history is knov.^n little can be clone to eradicate 

 the pest. 



The Felted Beech Coccus. 



{Cryptococcus fagi, Barensprung.) 



Veiy few scale insects are sufficiently abundant on forest trees in 

 this country to do much harm. One of the worst is the Felted Beech 

 Scale {Cryptococcus fagi) of Barensprung. This insect has been 



