Iiijio'ioiis 'lipiiliihc. 99 



fiiiL' palu line. Tliu lej»s are leiUlish-lnown, the tips of the joints <hirk 

 hiown. The winj^.sai-e tin;,'e«l with hiown ami there is an ohliijue ])alo 

 mark hy the stij^nna. The cross-veins are chjiuled with <hirk hruwn 

 anil the niar^'inal cell yellowish-hrnwn. Its length varies from half 

 to two-thinls of an inch. The larva varies from three fiuart«*rs of an 

 inch to nearly an inch in len;4th ; it is thick skinned, of a tlirty 

 hmwnish yellow line, often with a coating; of earth when it assumes 

 a hrownish appearance, and has three dark stripes runninj,' down the 

 boily on the hack interrupted hy the sejjments ; there are a few dark 

 short hail's; the anal end with four short thick papilla' above, all 

 nuich the same length, hut the two middle ones closer together and 

 a little smaller than the outer pair, and two short, coai-se ones on the 

 lower edge. The pupa is nearly an inch in length, of a dirty whitish 

 Colour at tii'st, l)ecoming hlackish-l)rown. On the ventml suiface of 

 the fifth to the eighth segments is an une([ual sized tnuisvei-se row 

 of bristles near each posterior liorder ; there are also spines on the 

 front parts of the ventral segments ; the last segment is suiTounde 

 by ten spine.s, four above, four l»elo%\', and two on each side. 



The larvic arc es^^ecially fond of damp, wet, muddy earth. 



The other two recorded injurious s})ecies belong to the genn.s 

 P((chj/rhinMS of Macquart. The members of this genus can l>e told 

 by their more fragile form and black and yellow colouring, and they 

 have the three veins from the discal cell, gener.dly starting from 

 separate bases (Fig. 11, 10). 



IV. The Spotted Crane-Fly. 

 {Poi'hyrhinn mnruhsn, Meigen.) 



Thi.s Ls a most abundant species in (ireat Uritain in tields, road- 

 sides, and esiKjcially in gardens. It appears in June and July and 

 again in Septeml>er. After the two large ('nine Flies this is the 

 nio.st hannful sjK'cies, some yeai-s it Iwing far m<»re destructive in it."* 

 larval stage than tliey are. Its life-history was first worked out by 

 the greatest economic entomologist England has seen — .lohn Curtis. 



During the season of 1002 it n])i>eared in enonnous numl»ei-8 in 

 some district.s, such as Kent and Huntingdonshin-, and has l>een 

 reiM»rte<l in gi-eat abundance elsewhere. I also ftmnd it swarming in 

 parts of Devonshire in IS.S.S. 



Curtis siH-aks of it as swarmini; on the sea coast, and mention.s 

 '* .seeing myriads on sand banks in the Isle of I'ort land, also nt the 

 back of the I.sle of Wi'.dii. and at Ltwestofi in Sutfidk." 



H 2 



