THE ANATOMT OF THE HORSE. 57 



rudiments of toes enveloped in the flinty hoof which has developed around 

 the foot and protects it from the rough soil over which the animal travels. 

 And when a parallel is once found to exist even between the toes of the 

 horse and those of man, there is nothing strange in the fact that other 

 parts of the skeleton closely correspond. The names of the different 

 portions of the limbs of the horse and of man are given below, in par- 

 allel lines, so the reader may see at a glance, those exactly correspond- 

 ing, though called by different names. A reference to the skeleton 

 proper, as given in the cut, page 54, will show the precise location of each 

 of the bones mentioned in the horse. 



Front Limbs. 



MAN. .fORSK. 



Ai'iu (Humerus) coiTesj)onds to the - - Lower Ijouc of shoulder. 



Fore arm " " - - Arm. 



Wrist (Carpus) '• '' - - Knee. 



Hand (Metacarpus) " " - - Leg, cannon and sphiit hones. 



Knuckles " " - - Fetlock. 



Finger " " - - Pasterns. 



HiBd Limbs. 



MAN. HORSE. 



Thigh (Femur) corresponds to the - - - Upper hone of thigh. 



Knee " " _ - _ stifle joint. 



Leg " •' _ - - Thigh. 



Ankle (Tarsus) *' '* _ _ _ Hock. 



Heel " "... Point of hock. 



Foot (Metatarsus) " "... Leg. 



Ball of Foot " " _ . . Fetlock. 



Toe " " _ - _ Pastern and foot. 



This is quite different from the generally received idea of the compar- 

 ative anatomy of man and the horse, and yet it is strictly true. This 

 the skeleton will show, the proper names of each bone being given. The 

 •study is interesting, and the exijlanations will enable any one to fully 

 understand the names and location of the parts. 



V. Analyzing the Skeleton. 



The bones of the spine, (vertebrae) have already been mentioned. 

 The parts of the skeleton as shown in the next figure, are : A, Cervical 

 Vertebrae ; BB, Dorsal Vertebrae ; C, Lumbar Vertebrae ; D, Sacrum, 

 the bone which forms the bac^'v part of the pelvis ; E, Coccygeal bones, 

 or those forming the tail ; FF, Ribs ; G, Costal cartilages, or the carti- 

 lages joining the ends of the ribs ; H, the Scapula or shoulder blade ; I, 

 the Humerus, or the upper part of the fore leg ; KK, the Radii, or outer 

 bones of the fore legs, below the humerus and knee ; L, the Ulva. 

 This is the larger of the two bones of the upper part of the fore leg, 

 lying behind the radius and extending from the knee to the lower part of 

 the chest; M, the Knee, (Carpus). This is composed of 8 bones, viz: 



