60 cyclopedia of live stock. ak» complete stock doctok. 



Cut 6. 

 p^ tiomy sole ; g, the frog ; r, sensible 

 laminse ; ^, the sensible frog ; m, the cush- 

 ion ; V, the navicular joint. The next fig- 

 ures show front and rear views of the 

 bones of the foot, c, c, Coffin bone ; 

 rf, Sessamoid bone ; 6, 6, Small pastern 



a, The large pastern, ^ 



' *= ^ Fkont and back view of the 



bone of the foot. 



Vn. The Heaa and Neck. 



Coming again to the head and neck we are prepared readily to under- 

 stand their atanomy. The names given to the several parts are as fol- 

 lows : a, frontal bone ; h, parietal ; c, occipital ; c?, temporal ; e, malar ;/, 

 lachrymal ; g^ nasal ; 7i, superior maxillary ; «, pre-maxillary ; A;, inferior 

 maxillaries (lower jaw) ; Z, orbit. The bones of the neck, (cervical ver- 

 tabrse) are named ; i, atlas ; 2, dentata ; 3, third ; 4, fourth ; 5, fifth ; 6, 

 sixth; 7, seventh. Of the bones of the neck, the atlas is a ring-shaped 

 bone with broad lateral projections. It articulates with the skull, and 

 has great freedom of motion on the next bone (dentata). On the artic- 

 ulation of these two vertebrae, principally depends the power of turning 

 the head. The remaining bones of the neck resemble each other closely, 

 and have various small processes for insertion of the ligaments and nuis- 

 cles, and upon their flexibility depends the power of flexing and arch- 

 ing the neck. 



The Head. — The bones of the head may be divided into two groups ; the 

 cranial and facial. The cranial bones include all those which cover or 

 inclose the brain, and are mostly in pairs, or are on what is called the 

 mesial line of the skull, but may, for convenience, be spoken of as single 

 bones. 



The bone of the forehead (frontal bone) «, forms the space between 

 the eyes and ex^tends to the top of the head with a narrowing outline. It 

 therefore occupies the most central part of the head and is important as 

 from its shape and surface it gives space for the brains. In succeeding 

 cuts the facial expression of horses will be given, showing the different 

 grades of intelligence in horses ; the broad and ample forehead indicat- 

 ing intelligence and high breeding. 



The parietal bone, 6, extends back from the frontal to tne poll, and 

 has a ridge or crest of great strength and firmness along its upper sur« 

 face, sloping down like a roof on each side, covering and protecting the 

 brain. 



