02 CYCLOPEDIA OF LIVE STOCK AND COMPLETE STOCK DOCTOR. 



tht cheek-bcno (malar), e, ncaking up the zygomatic arch and forming 

 tiie greatsst part oi the orbit, composed of a smzM bone in th? inner 

 corner of the eye (lachrymal),/. Just before the frontal is the nasal 

 bene, g, one of the principal bones of Ihe face and covering the mem- 

 brane of the nose. The large bone, (superior maxillary), h, occupies 

 the side of the face and holds all the grinding teeth (molars) and the 

 tusk of the upper jaw. The pre-maxillary, i, unites with the two last 

 named bones, holds the nippers (incisor teeth) and completes the frame- 

 work of the nose. The lower jaw consists of only two bones, the 

 inferior maxillaries, k. They terminate in two processes, directed 

 upward. The terminal . projection (condyloid process) articulates with 

 the temporal bone, at the base of the zygomatic arch, forming the hinge, 

 upon which the whole lower jaw moves. The second process (cpronoid) 

 passes under the arch, receiving the lower end of the large temporal 

 muscle arising from the parietal bone, and moves the jaw in the act of 

 chewing. 



There are two small bones in the lower part of the cranium, under the 

 parietal, 6, called the Sphenoid, and the Ethmoid, which connect the 

 principal bones of the skull, but are not visible externally. 

 viJLi. Bones and Musclea of t;ht» Fro^t Limbs. 



Coming again to the limbs, we represent in cut 8 on the next page, for 

 the sake of comparison, both the bones and muscles of the front limbs side 

 by side, since it will serve as a -convenient object lesson at one view. 



Bones. — A — Radius. B — Point of Ulna. C — Knee (Carpus). F — Ses- 

 amoids, behind the fetlocks. G — Upper and Lower Pasterns. H — Coffin 

 Bons. T — Navicular. 



tVcUScies. — ^ — Extensor carpi radialis, i — Extensor digitarum Ion- 

 gior. j — Extensor digitarum brevior. k — Abductor pallicis longus. ef 

 — External flexor, mf — Middle flexor, if — Internal flexor. 



Bonesof the Arm, — The upper portion of the fore leg.in the horse is 

 called the arm, and in man the corresponding bone is the fore arm. In the 

 horse it consists of two bones, the radius A and the ulna B, and extends 

 from the elbow to the knee. The ulna is situated behind, and, to some 

 extent, above the radius, there being a considerable projection received 

 between the heads of the lower bone of the shoulder (elbow), forming 

 a powerful lever, into which are inserted the muscles for extending the 

 arm. The ulna continuing downwards^ terminy,tes in a point behind the 

 middle of the radius. 



Bo^ligS of the Knee. — Cut 9 on page 70 shows in detail the various bones 

 5f tbft Imce : Fig. 1. the left leg, outer side ; Fig. 5?, a front view. The 

 leosiiioa wjd action of the knee, render it especially liable to shocks ap4 



