THE EC!ONOMY OF THE ^roSCULAR COVERING. 7^ 



AcMUes) puss to tne point of the hock where they are inscrte*]. In the 

 horse the gastrocnemii are important muscles, and are aided by the 

 plantaris. 



The flexor metatarsis is the muscle which bends the leg. It is on the 

 inside of the thigh {tibia), and is shown on pages 69 and 76 and 77 at z. 

 Originating above the stifle on the upper bone of the thigh {femur), it is 

 inserted into the shank and inner splint bone. 



VII. Studying the Structure. 



Thus we nave carefully gone over the l)ony and muscular structure of 

 the horse, giving only such information as is indispensable for every 

 hoiseman to have. The artist, from careful study of the anatomy 

 and physiology of an animal, is able to draw and paint it correctly. The 

 horseman should study it from the same standpoint. Thus both will l)e 

 enal)led to carry in the mind the appearance of a well-developed horse. 

 The surgeon studies anatomy from a somewhat different standpoint. He 

 wants to understand the various articulations, muscles, arteries, tendons, 

 nerves, ganglia and viscera, with a view to surgery and the cure of dis' 

 cases. The horseman and breeder studies anatomy and physiology to 

 arrive at a better understanding of what goes to make up a good animal, 

 endowed ^^^th speed, style, or d(n'elopnient for draft. 

 VIII. Internal Economy of the Horse. 



We next discuss the internal economy of the horse. For a better un- 

 derstanding of the subject, we give a longitudinal section of the horse, 

 showing Thorax (cavity of the chest, windpipe, etc.). Abdomen, Pelvis^ 

 etc. — See next page. 



POSITION OF THE INTERNAL ORGANS OF A HORSE (hALf). 



(1) External Massetcr Muscles, cut off. (2) Parotid Gland. (2') 

 Parotid Duct. (3) Buccal Glands. (4) Oesophagus. (5) Trachea. (6) 

 Lungs. (7) Heart. (8) Sternum or Breastbone. (9) Diaphragm divid- 

 ing the hollow of the chest from the stomach. (10) Stomach. (11) Liver. 

 (12) Spleen. (13) Pancreas. (14) Kidney. (15) Ovary. (15') Oviduct 

 (16) Ureter. (16') Position where the Oviduct enters the Uterus. (17) 

 Rectum. (18) Vagina. (19) Bladder. (20) Colon.' (21) Caecum. 

 ^22) Small Intestines. (23) Abdominal Wall. 



