DISEASES OF THE HORSE. 277 



to throw the patient back aud increase fever. Horses, cattle, etc., need 

 *;o be fed three or four times a day ; foals, calves, lambs, dogs, etc., every 

 two to four hours. 



Fever patients should have pure water near, so tlicy i^aii hel[) them- 

 selves when they wish it. Those suffering from diarrhoea or excessive 

 purgation should be watered four or five times a day, but in smallei quan- 

 tities. 



Rest should always be given to sick animals ; many cases prove fatal 

 from working too long after being taken sick, or from being put to work 

 too soon after recovery. 



VII. Explanation of Terms Used. 



To some readers a few words of explanation may be necessary in ordei 

 to the proper understanding of the drugs and their doses. 



Alteratives change the conditions and functions of organs. 



Ancesthetics deprive of sensation and suffering. 



Anodynes allay or diminish pain. 



Antacids are antidotes to acids. 



Anthelmintics kill or expel worms. 



Antiperiodics arrest or retard the retui-n of a paroxysm in periodic dis- 

 eases. 



Antiseptics prevent, arrest or retard })utref action. 



Antispasmodics prevent or allay cramps. 



Aperients gently open the bowels. 



Aromatics, strong-smelling stinmlants, dispel wind and allay pain. 



Astringents cause contraction of vital structures. 



Carminatives, warming stimulants (Aromatics). 



Cathartics, Purgatives, freely open the bowels. 



Cholagogues increase the secretion of bile. 



Demulcents sheathe and protect irritated surfaces. 



Diaphoretics, Sudorijics, cause perspiration. 



Discutients dispel enlargements. 



Disinfectants destroy infecting matter. 



Diuretics increase the secretion of urine. 



Ecbolics, Pai'turients, cause contraction of the womb. 



Emetics induce vomiting. 



Expectorants increase the secretion from the air tubes. 



Febrifuges counteract fever — lower temperature. 



Laxatives (Aperients). 



Narcotics allay pain and produce sleep. 



Refrigerants diminish heat. 



Sedatives depress nervous power or lower circulation. 



