556 



CYCIXJPEDIA OP LIVE STOCK AND COMPLETE STOCK DOCTOR. 



WATER FLOWING 



FROM THE CHEST. 



In paracentesis thoracis 



the end. Drain off all the water and withdraw the cannula. It is often 

 necessary to repeat this operation. 



This operation is technically termed paracentesis thoracis. Cases so severe 

 as to require it are usually fatal. 



Paracentesis abdoineiiis means, in plain English, tapping the belly. In 

 peritonitis, the belly often tills with water, which can be evacuated by 

 inserting the trocar and cannula on the medion line, a 

 couple of inches back of the navel. The operation may 

 be repeated, if necesssry; but, in this case, it is advis- 

 able to make a fresh hole, rather than insert again in 

 the old one. 



XV. Pricking. 

 This is identical with nicking, (which see). 



XVI. Probing and Opening Fistulas. 

 It is necessary to probe fistulous openings, in order 

 to know where they go. Take plenty of time, and do 

 it carefully. Find every sinus, if possible. When 

 practicable, the best and quickest way to cure them is to open them right 

 up along their whole length; but when this cannot be done without sever- 

 ing large blood-vessels or too much muscular fibre, pass a seton through 

 them and draw in caustic substances, such as burnt alum, powdered blue- 

 stone, etc. Or, instead, use injections Nos. 1, 3 and 5, changing from one 

 to another frequently. 



XVII. Spaying. 



This operation is very rarely performed upon the mare — never, m 

 fact, except in case of disease. There is great danger of its proving fatal, 

 and hence it should never be undertaken except by a skilled veterinarian. 

 It consists in removing the ovaries, corresponding to the castration of 

 the male. 



XVIII. Sutures. 



There are four kinds of sutures, viz: the interrupted, uninterrupted, 

 quilled and twisted. The interrupted suture is the one generally used, 

 and for most cases is the best. The needle 

 and silk — or, instead of the silk, the silver 

 wire or catgut — are all that are needed. Clip 

 off the hair from the edges, and be careful 

 to have everything clean. DraAV the edges of 

 the wound together with a slightly curved needle and silk, and when 

 tying the knot give the ends an extra turn through the knot, which will 



UNINTERRUPTED SUTURE. 



