INSTRUMENTS, APPARATUS, AND MEDICINES. 579 



employ them in veterinary practice also. They can only be administered 

 with a hypodermic syringe, and, as a rule, ought not to be resorted to 

 without the advice of a competent surgeon. 



Injections or Enemas. — These are not at all difficult to give, especially 

 if one has a regular horse syringe. Patent injectors that pump in the 

 liquid continuously are in the market. (See article "Syringe," in Section 

 I, this chapter,) 



VH. Weights and Measures. 

 In compounding drugs it is necessary to be very exact as to weights 

 and measures. The druggist, with his delicate scales and expertness in 

 manipulation, is the best person to put up your veterinary prescription, 

 if it is otherwise convenient to have him do so. Frequently this is not 

 the case, however, and we therefore recommend farmers to provide them- 

 selves (as can be done at small expense) with a pair of scales and a meas^ 

 uring glass for liquids. The weights for the former should be accords 

 ing to what is called apothecaries' weight, instead of avoirdupois, while 

 the glass will be already marked according to wine measure, so called. 



TABLE OF APOTHECARIES' WEIGHT. 



20 grains make one scruple, 

 3 scruples make one drachm, 

 8 drachms make one ounce, 



12 ounces make one pound. 



TABLE OF WINE MEAStJBE. 



60 minims, or drops, make one drachm, 

 8 drachms make one ounce, 



16 ounces make one pint, 

 2 pints make one quart, 

 4 quarts make olc gallon. 



Sufficient accuracy in fluid measure for anything not violent in ith 

 action, will be the following: 



60 drops, or 1 tea-spoonful, make 1 drachm, 

 4 tea-spoonfuls, or 1 table-spoonful, make }4 ounce, 

 2 table-spoonfuls make 1 ounce, 

 1 wine-glassful makes 2 ounces, 

 1 tea-cupful makes 5 ounces, 

 1 tumblerful makes y^ pint. 

 1 tin-cupful (commonest size") makes 1 pint. 



A handful of flaxseed, or other seeds usually innocent in their nature, 



will weigh about 2 ounces ; a handful of leaves or dried herbs will weigh 



about 1 ounce. 



VIII. Standard Remedies and their Application. 



Ammonia, Aromutic Spirits of. — Preparation composed of Ammonium 

 Carbonate, Alcohol, Aqua Ammonia. It contains a perfume that kills the 

 odor of Ammonia. This is one of the best Ammonia preparations for in- 

 ternal use. Good in colics, indigestion, impactions, etc. Dose: Horse, ^/^ 

 to 1 ounce ; cattle, 1 to 2 ounces ; sheep, 2 drachms ; hogs, 1 drachm. Dilute 

 with at least sixteen times its amount of water. 



Ammonium Chloride, Sal Ammoniac. — Used as a mild stimulant, af- 

 fecting principally the mucous membrane, such as the linings of the 



