INSTRUMENTS^ APPARATUS^ AND MEDICINES. 587 



Olive Oil. — Mild laxative. Externally it may be mixed with Car- 

 bolic Acid in the proportion of 1 drachm of Acid to 4 ounces of the oil, 

 and used as a dressing for wounds. Dose as a laxative : Horse, 1 to 2 pints ; 

 cattle, 2 to 3 pints; sheep, 3 to 6 ounces. 



Opium. — This drug is made from the dried juice of a certain kind of 

 poppy. Can be purchased either in the gum or powdered form. It is the 

 basic principle in morphine and drugs of a similar nature. It is used to 

 lessen pain ; stops the activity of the bowels and thus should not be used in 

 colic, but is very valuable in diarrhea. Laudanum, which is simply an 

 alcoholic solution of opium, is the most convenient form in which to use 

 this drug. Dose of opium : Horse, ^/^ to 1 drachm ; cattle, 1 to 2 drachms ; 

 sheep, 5 to 20 grains ; hogs, 3 to 10 grains. 



Pepper, Black. — Sometimes used in its ground form to warm the stom- 

 ach and bowels, in cases of colic, indigestion, etc. Dose: Horse, 1 table- 

 spoonful; cattle, 1 tablespoonful ; sheep and swine, % teaspoonful. 



Peppermint, Essence of. — Sometimes used in indigestion and colic. 

 Give in sweetened w^ater. Dose for the horse : 40 drops to 1 drachm ; cat- 

 tle, 1 to 2 drachms; sheep, 10 drops. 



Pumpkin Seeds. — This is one of the oldest and best known remedies 

 for tapeworms. Dose: Horse, 1 pint. 



Quinine, Sulphate of. — In small doses Quinine is used as a bitter tonic. 

 In larger doses it reduces fever. Dose : Horse, Yz to 1 drachm ; cattle, 2 to 

 4 drachms ; sheep, i/o drachm ; pigs, 10 grains. 



Rhubarb. — This is a laxative and tonic. Dose: Horse, 1 ounce; cattle, 

 2 ounces; sheep, 1 drachm. 



Rosin. — Diuretic. Not used as much as formerly. Dose: Horse, 2 

 drachms ; cattle, % to 1 ounce ; sheep, 2 to 4 drachms. 



Salol. — This drug is made from Salicylic Acid and Carbolic Acid. It 

 is one of the best known remedies for rheumatism. Dose : Horse, 1 to 3 

 drachms ; cattle, 3 to 5 drachms ; sheep, Vo to 1 drachm ; hogs, 20 to 40 

 grains. 



Salts. — ^See Epsom and Glauver's Salts. 



Salt, Common. — Useful as a food in small amounts. A solution of 

 1 ounce of the salt in a pint of water makes a good wash for sores and 

 wounds. 



Saltpeter. — See Nitrate of Potash. 



Soda, Bicarbonate of — (Baking Soda). — This is useful in indigestion 

 but should always be given before feeding. When wet with water it makes 

 a good paste to apply to bee stings. Dose : Horse, 2 drachms to 1 ounce ; 

 cattle, 1/2 to 11/2 ounces; sheep, 1 drachm to 1/2 ounce; swine, 2 drachms. 



Spanish Fly, (Cantharides) — Seldom given internally. Principally 

 used in making blisters for reducing enlargements, such as curbs, tumors 

 and thickenings after wounds have healed. Generally used in connection 

 with lard or vaseline. A proper proportion being 1 to 3 drachms of Can- 



