EARLY HISIORY AND TYPICAL BREEDS OF CATTLE. 613 



manufacture i^ v^^onducted in the lonely chalet, jDerched on the mountain 

 side, ill the most primitive manner. The best cows yield from ton to 

 twenty quarts of milk daily, ana each cow produces by the end of the sea- 

 son of four months, on an average,. 225 pounds of cheese. 



XII. Dutch Cattle. 



The Low Countries of Europe, Holland and the neighboring States, 

 have, from a remote period, had a most valual)le milking breed, that is 

 now broken up into numerous varieties. The most noted of these are the 

 Holstein or Friesian cattle, celebrated for the immense quantities of milk 

 they give, and for their large frames, which take on fat and flesh kindly 

 when dry. On page 690 a young Holstein bull of the modern Chenery 

 milking stock is represented. The late Mr. Klippart, when Secretary 

 of the Ohio Board of Agriculture, wrote from personal observation 

 of Holstein cattle, as follows: "The native cattle of Holstein are the 

 A-ngle cattle, which are far more numerous than any other kind or race. 

 They are small animals, with fine bones, short-legged rather than other- 

 vise •• a very fine, small head, and delicately formed neck. Thepredom- 

 'Cctang color is red or brown, but there are many dun, black, or spotted 

 ones. According to the amount of food consumed, this race gives a more 

 abundant supply of milk than any other in the Duchies. It is a very 

 highly esteemed race and is much sought after for its milking qualities 

 and kindliness in taking on flesh. The flesh is very fine, tender and juicy. 



"In the marshes is found a race of cattle much larger and heavier than 

 the Angles, larger-boned, and of a dark, reddish-brown, and known as 

 the Marsh race. This race seems to be adapted to the marshes, but does 

 not do well on the higher and dryer uplands. Upon the rich pastures of 

 the marshes, for a time after calving, the best cows will give from forty- 

 eight to sixty-four pounds, (from six to eight gallons) of milk daily. 

 But the milk is not near so rich as that of the Angles. 



"In Schleswig, rather than in Holstein, are found many of the Jutland 

 race of cattle. These have very fine bones, and are long in proportion 

 to their height, and are, as a rule, short-legged. The prevailing color is 

 gray, black, or gray and black mixed with white, but very rarely red or 

 brown. This race is more highly esteemed for its early maturity and 

 readiness to fatten than for its milking qualities." 



XIII. Fossil Cattle. 

 The original type of the modern ox is said to have been the Urus. An- 

 cient legends have thrown around him mysterious qualities. He was 

 described as being an animal of great fierceness and enormous size ; 

 but despite these fabled attributes, the Urus probably did not 



