666 CrOLOPEDIA OP LIVE STOCK AKD COMPLETE STOCK DOCTOR, 



So far as the grade steers are concerned they are well known to be 

 thrifty, easily-fed animals that mature fully a year in advance of the 

 native cattle, from which they arc in part descended. 



XVI. Short-Horns Critically Described. 



For a full an;5 graphic description of all the points which go to make 

 up a high-caste Short-Horn, there is no better authority than the 

 writings of Mr. Rotch of New York, and Mr. A. C. Stevenson, formerly 

 President of the Indiana Short-Horn Breeders' Association. By the aid 

 of the careful analysis made by these critical judges, the many excellent 

 and valuable qualities of the breed may be readily estimated. The ma- 

 jestic size, proud carriage and beautifully variegated colors of the Short- 

 Horn render him easily recognized by the merest tyro. But few who 

 thus admire and recognize them are aware how many qualifications go to 

 make up this splendid whole, or how carefully each point has been weighed 

 and discussed, and its relative value decided ; how the useful parts are 

 divided from the ornamental and fashionable, and how systematically the 

 whole has been carried out. 



XVn. The Head. 



The high-caste Short-Horn should have a small head, a broad, flat 

 forehead, with no projection of the frontal bones ; the face should be 

 well cut out below the eyes, tapering to a fine muzzle with open nostrils. 

 The nose must be flesh or chocolate colored ; any discoloration hinting 

 towards black or blue is very objectionable, though occasionally seen in 

 some of the highest bred families. The eye must be bright, prominent, 

 and yet placid ; a small, piggish or hollow eye, or one showing vicious- 

 ness or nervousness, is alike to be avoided, the latter indicating a bad 

 feeder almost invariably. The circle around the eyes should be of a 

 bright yellow or flesh color. As a very large ear indicates sluggishness, 

 one of medium size is preferable. The horns sliould be well set on, 

 curving forward, not too heavy, and of a clear, waxy yellow color at the 

 base, though this waxy color is not universally deemed essential — some 

 claim that the horns should be flat. 



XVIII. The Neck. 



The neck is moderately Idng, clean in the throat, and running neatly 

 into the shoulders, which should not be too prominent at the points, nor 

 too wide at the top, else the crops will be certain to seem defective ; they 

 should mould nicely into the fore-quarters, and be well covered with flesh 

 on the outside. The neck-vein should bo well filled up with flesh and 

 form on smoothly to the shoulder points. The chest must be broaif an.d 



