CHAPTER Vn. 

 MIDDLE-HOBJN^ED CATTLE-THE HEKEPORDS. 



i. TBTE VALUABLE BREEDS OF MIDDLE-HORNS. II. THE HEREFORD COL DR. 



III. THE HEREFORDS FIFTY YEARS AGO. IV. YOUATT'S TESTIMONY. V. 



THE HEREFORDS IN AMERICA. VI. THE IMPORTATION OF 1840. VII. HERE- 

 FORD GRADES FORTY YEARS AGO. VIII. THE OHIO IMPORTATION. IX. 



HEREFORD^ IN CANADA. X. EARLY IMPORTED HEREFORDS NOT FAIRLY TRIED 



XI. THE HEREFORDS WEST. XII. THE HEREFORD AS A AVORK OX. XIII 



THE HEREFORD COW. XIV. POINTS OF THE HEREFORD. XV. THE HERE 



FORD OF TO-DAY IN ENGLAND. XVI. HIGH AND AUTHORITATIVE PRAISE. 



XVII. DISTRIBUTION IN THE SOUTHWEST AND FAR WEST. 



I. The Valuable Breeds of Middle-Homs. 



The only valuable breeds of the Middle-Horns, in the United States, 

 are the Herefords and the Devons, which will be treated of in this chapter 

 and the next. They are essentially beef and working breeds. Their 

 milking qualities were never more than moderately developed, and these 

 qualities by continued breeding for beef, (for which they are unexcep- 

 tionable,) have been so bred out, that but little now remains in them val- 

 uable for milk. 



The natural history of these breeds was noticed in Chapter I, and it will 

 not be necessary to refer to it, further than to say of the Herefords that, 

 originally named from the country of Hereford, England, where, and in 

 adjacent counties, similar cattle have been bred for hundreds of years, 

 few, if any, of the popular beef breeds have shown more wonderful im- 

 provement within the last fifty years. 



n. The Hereford Color. 

 Originally red or brown without white, the Herefords bred to brown- 

 ish or yellowish red, and even brindled. Within about the last 100 years 

 their faces became white or mottled- white, until finally the distinctive 

 white of the face was made to extend along the top of the neck, and along 

 the throat, dewlap, brisket, belly, and flanks, and they are now fash- 

 ionably bred with the addition of white legs, and the switch of the tail 

 white, the rest of the animal benig of a uniform red color. 



TTT. The Herefords fifty years ago. 

 Mr. Marshall writing of them as they existed in England fifty years 

 ao^o, and as then improved, describes tuem thus : "The countenance 

 pleasant, cheerful, open ; the forehead broad ; eye full and lively ; 



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