MIDDLE-HORNED CATTLE—THE HEREFORDS. 701 



horns bright, taper, and spreading ; head small ; chap lean ; neck long 

 and tapering ; chest deep ; bosom broad, and projecting forward ; shoul- 

 der-bone thin, flat, no way protuberant in bone, but full and mellow in 

 flesh ; chest full ; loin broad ; hips standing wide, and level with the 

 chine ; quarters long, and wide at the neck ; rump even with the level of 

 the back, and sharp above the quarters ; tail slender and neatly haired ; 

 barrel round and roomy ; the carcass throughout deep and well spread ; 

 ribs broad, standing flat and close on the outer surface, forming a smooth, 

 even barrel ; the hind parts large and full of strength ; neck bones snug, 

 not prominent; thigh clean, and regularly tapering; legs upright and 

 short ; bone below the knee and hock small ; feet of middle size ; flank 

 large; flesh every where mellow, soft, and yielding pleasantly to the 

 touch, especially on the chine, the shoulder and the ribs ; hide mellow, 

 supple, of a middle thickness, and loose on the neck and buckle ; coat 

 neatly haired, bright, and silky ; color, a middle red ; this, with a bald 

 face, is characteristic of the tiue Hereford breed." 



IV. Youatt's Testimony. 



In Youatt's day they were the peers of the Short-Horns, and to-day 

 they compare favorably with that famous breed, and take an equal share 

 of prizes with them in our best exhibitions and fairs. They fatten, 

 said Mr. Youatt, to a much greater weight than the Devons, and run from 

 fifty to seventy score ; a tolerable cow will average from thirty-five to 

 fifty score (1000 pounds) ; a cow belonging to the Duke of Bedford 

 weighed more than seventy ; an ox of Mr. Westcar's exceeded one hun- 

 dred and ten score (2,200 pounds). The Hereford ox fattens speedily 

 at an early age. They are not now much used for husbandry, although 

 their form adapts them for the heavier work, and they have all the hon- 

 esty and docility of the Devon ox, and greater strength, if not his activity. 

 The Hereford cows are worse milkers than those of Devon, but then they 

 will grow fat where a Devon would starve. The beef is sometimes ob- 

 jected to from the largeness of the bone and the coarseness of some ot 

 the inferior pieces, but the best sorts are generally excellent 



V. The Herefords in America. 



Since there has been so much controversy — sometimes acrimonious — 

 between some Hereford and Short-Horn breeders in the United States. 

 and especially in the West, where the Herefords have of late grown intc 

 the highest favor, we again quote, from Mr. L. F. Allen, the veteran 

 breeder of Short-Horns, and editor of the American Short-Horn Here 

 Book. Mr. Allen writes of the Herefords as follows : 



