MIDDLE-HORNED CATTLE IIOLSTEIN-FRIESIANS. i Z)J 



buttocks, but a drooping rump is not uncommon. The legs appear small 

 for the weight carried and are quite long ; the tail is long and fine and a 

 white brush is required. The udder is often of extraordinary size, filling 

 the space between legs set well apart, extending high behind and fairly 

 well forward, with teats of large size and well placed. Teats are sometimes 

 cone-shaped and uncomfortably large and puffy where attached to the 

 udder. The milk veins are usually prominent and sometimes remarkably 

 developed. There is a more marked inclination toward the beef form 

 among the bulls than among the cows ; the latter are generally of the true 

 dairy type. 



XXIII. Milk and Butter Records. 



These great black-and-white cows yield milk in proportion to their size. 

 The breed is famous for enormous milk producers. Records are abundant 

 of cows giving an average above their own live weight in milk monthly 

 for ten or twelve consecutive months, and there are numerous authentic 

 instances of daily yields of 100 pounds or more for several days in succes- 

 sion and 20,000 to 30,000 pounds of milk in one year. Cows giving 40 

 to 60 pounds (or 5 to 7 gallons) per day are regarded as average animals; 

 7,500 to 8,000 pounds per year is depended upon as a herd average. A 

 known record of 11 cows from 3 to 8 years old is 11,286 pounds (or 5,250 

 quarts per cow), the average milking period being three hundred and 

 forty-one days. Another herd of 12 cows averaged 8,805 pounds a year 

 (or 4,064 quarts) for four years. The milk of these very large producers 

 is generally pretty thin, low in percentage of total solids, and deficient in 

 fat. The cows have been favorites for dairymen doing a milk-supply 

 business, but in numerous cases their product has been below the standards 

 fixed by State and municipal laws. On the other hand, there arc some 

 families of Holsteins, and single animals are numerous, which give milk 

 of more than average richness and show themselves to be profitable butter 

 producers. Cows have frequently made from 15 to 25 pounds of butter 

 a week, and 30 pounds in a few cases. Entire herds of good size have 

 averaged over 17 pounds a week; a few cows have records of 90 pounds, 

 and one almost 100 pounds, in a month. One of the herds already referred' 

 to averaged 308 pounds of butter per cow annually for four years, and there 

 are several yearly herd records of over 400 pounds per head ; also single 

 records of 500 and 600 pounds, and one is claimed of 1,153 pounds of 

 butter in three hundred and sixty-five consecutive days. A cow bred and 

 raised in Texas made a remarkable record there, when five years old and 

 weighing 1,350 pounds; she gave 707^2 pounds of milk in seven days, 

 which produced 22 pounds of butter, and in one month 2,958 pounds of 

 milk containing fat equivalent to 86 pounds of butter. Holstein milk is 

 characterized by fat globules of small and uniform size, separating slowly 

 by tb gravity method of creaming, and carrying very little color. 



