CHAPTER XI. 

 DAIRY CATTLE— THE DUTCH BREEDS. 



I. ANTIQUITY OF DUTCH CATTLE AS A DISTINCT RACE. II. FRIESIAN AND BA.TAVIAK 



CATTLE. HI. DUTCH CATTLE OLDER THAN THOSE OK HOLSTEIN. IV. ESl'AB- 



LISHMLNT OF REGULAR CATTLE MARKETS. V. IMPORTATION OF DANISH CATTLE 



IN:0 FRIESLAND. VI. facts about dutch CATTLE. VII. VARIETIES DES- 



CijiBED. VIII. RACES OF DUTCH CATTLE. IX. DR. SEORGE MAV"S TESTI- 

 MONY. X. BREEDS OF NORTH AND SOUTH HOLLAND AND WEST FRIESLAND. 



XI. THElltCOLOR AND FORM. XII. YIELDS OF MI LK. XIII. FEEDING QUAL^ 



ITIKS. XIV. DUTCH CATTLE AN ARTIFICIAL BREED. XV. THE EARLIEST 



IMI-OIITATIONS. XVI. THE LEROY IMPORTATION. XVII. THE CHENERY IM- 

 PORTATION. XVIII. WHAT PROF. ROBERTS SAYS. XIX. MEASUREMENT8 



ADOPTED FOR DUTCH FRIESIAN CATTLE. XX. HOW TO SELECT DAIRY OOWS. 



I. Antiquity of the Dutch Cattle as a Distinct Race. 



The cattle now called Dutch undoubtedly trace, in an iinln-oken line, 

 further l)ack than any other race in repute among breeders. The Fries- 

 ians and Batavians long ago inhabited Holhmd. The history of the 

 Friesians dates back to 300 years before Christ, and they were known 

 more than 2,000 years ago as herdsmen, hunters and fishermen. The Ba- 

 tavians are said to have come some 200 years later, or 100 years before 

 Clirist. Prof. G. J. Hengerveid, of tiie Royal Veterinary Institute at 

 Utrecht, Netherlands, in an exhaustive letter to the United States Consul 

 in 1872, goes over the whole history, and without other preface we ex- 

 tract such portions as seem pertinent to the matter iki hand : 



The lands of the Friesians comprised the whole country to the north of 

 the Rhine as far as the shore of the North Sea, to which West and East 

 Friesland belonged, composing the present Dutch provinces of Gronin- 

 iren, Friesland, Dreuthe, and North Holhmd, l)esides the provinces of 

 Utrecht, Overyssell, and a part of Guldcrhnid and South Holland. Of 

 all these provinces Groningen alone appertained to East Friesland. 

 II. Priesian and Batavian Cattle. 



Tacitus savs of the Friesians and Batavians that they owned cattle, not 

 excelling ii/beauty, but in number. He furtlier states, as does also 

 Julius Csesar, that^the Friesians and Batavians paid each other in cows, 

 sheep and -oats, and gave likewise to their children as dowry, oxen 

 adapted to ^the yoke and plough, cattle and horses. When they were 

 subdued by the Romans in the first century of our era, the conquerors 

 imposed upon the Friesians an annual tribute, consisting of cow-hides and 

 meat. The Friesians and Batavians applied themselves to the drannng 



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