DMRY CArXLE lllE DUTCH IJKEEDS. 751 



small and ill-favored these animals might be when compared Avith the 

 handsome Friesian horned cattle, an im[)rovement of food induced a 

 favorable development of body, and, from the mixtm-e of the two breeds, 

 good and choice milch-kine were attained Avithiu two or three generations 

 after the introduction of the foreign blood, no matter how much the race 

 had in the beginning deteriorated through the process, and, eventually^ 

 the type of Danish and German cattle was quite lost. 



VI. Pacts about Dutch Cattle. 



The chief characteristics of this Friesian breed — its eminent milk- 

 givnig and fattening qualities — we find in all the districts mentioned, 

 and extending still farther southward; v/ith this difference, however, 

 that wherever the land is more fertile, the climate milder, and the tend- 

 ing, feeding and breeding of the cattle observed with more care, in that 

 measure, they are more developed, attain larger size, and are of a finer 

 texture. 



If the intention be to convey a correct understanding of the true 

 qualities of the several varieties or breeds mentioned in their own dwellMi*'- 

 places, it is better that each breed should retain the name by which it is 

 known, and that no collective name, though a historical one, should be 

 given them. 



Vn. Varieties Described. 



In order to be able to readily classify a group of cattle of great 

 extent, possessing the same chief qualities in form and productiveness, 

 Sturm proposed, so long as fifty years ago, to give to a group, subject 

 to the same conditions of soil and climate, a name indicating those con- 

 ditions, and thus originated Mountain Cattle, Highland Cattle and Low- 

 land Cattle. He also heads each of these divisions by the breed best repre- 

 =entmg the distinctive feature of its class, as Us type. It is under the 

 denomination of Lowland Cattle that he places the different breeds of 

 the coast lands along the North Sea. Schmalz, Pabst and many subse- 

 (juent Avriters, adopt this classification, some with a few modifications. 

 According to Schmal//s statement, cattle, adopting Stui-m's clussitication, 

 may be distinguished in the following manner: 



VHI. Races of Dutch Cattle. 



A. Lowland Race. — Primitive cow ; Dutch-Friesian cow. 



B. Mountain Race. — Degenerate, quite the contrary of A ; Swiss cow. 



C. Middle Race. — Highland race ; forms the transition from A to B ; 

 Frankish cow. 



To the race A belong- the Dutch, as representatives, the Friesian, the 

 Oldenburg, and chiefly all l^owland laces bearing the peculiar character- 

 istics which identify it with the place of its sojourn. 



