824 CYCLOPEDIA OF LIVE STOCK AND COMPLETE 8TC»CK DOCTOB. 



same manner as it is in pigs, and coming from their eating anthrax car- 

 casses. They are affected in the mouth, throat and digestive organs, 

 giving rise to vomiting, fever and death. 



Birds and poultry die of anthrax, from eating bits of anthrax victims. 

 It develops in them in fever and swelling on the head, comb, breast and 

 feet, which turn black from mortification. 



In man, malignant pustule or charbon develops by inoculation; a small 

 red spot shows itself with itching, and increases in size. In the course of 

 twelve hours, a blister forms, breaks, dries, and a new crop springs up 

 around the old one, and so it spreads. The affected parts run through al] 

 the shades of color from red to black, when gangrene sets in, and sloughs 

 in case of recovery, but, alas, it is too often fatal, the same as in the lower 

 animals. 



Anthrax without external swelling is known as anthrax fever, splenic 

 apoplexy, braxy, etc. , according to the animals attacked. Horses, cattle, 

 sheep, swine and fowls are liable to attacks of anthrax fever. This is 

 characterized by high fever, plethora, engorgement of the spleen and other 

 internal organs, and colicky pain; redness, and often purple spots, are 

 seen on the mucous membranes; bloody, frothy mucous comes from the 

 nose and eyes; the dung is streaked with blood; great weakness follows, 

 and death in from twelve hours to four or five days. 



What to do. — Treatment is of no avail in the first cases, owing to the 

 rapid fatality of the disease, and is usually unavailing in milder ones, but 

 liberal administration of whiskey, quinine and hyposulphite of soda may 

 do good. Mix an ounce of quinine in a quart of whiskey, and give half of 

 a teacupful every four hours "to horses, twice as much to cattle, half as 

 much to sheep and hogs. This dose should be diluted with as much water. 

 Give of the hyposulphite of soda four ounces in half a pint of water to 

 horses three times a day, twice as much to cattle, half as much to sheep 

 and hogs. If they will eat, the soda may be given in their food. If one 

 animal in a herd remains lying in the morning when the rest have got up 

 and gone to feeding, suspect black leg at once, get him up and start him 

 walking. Exercise, if pushed in the early stage of this trouble will often save 

 them. Sponge off the body with cold water and rub dry ; cauterize all wounds, 

 if the disease comes through inoculation, with clear carbolic acid, sulphuric 

 or nitric acid, or with chloride of zinc, but the whole of the diseased tissue 

 must be reached. After cauterizing them, and also the tumors that may 

 follow, apply poultices to them to encourage suppuration. In case of dif- 

 fuse swellings, bathe them with vinegar, cold water and weak lotions of 

 carbolic acid, etc. — say one part to sixty of water; and inject beneath the 

 skin, in several places, weak dilutions of carbolic acid — one part of acid 

 to one hundred of water. 



