DISEASES OF THE URINARY ORGANS. 



875 



usually in the puiple spots, and the odor of urine is present throogliout 

 the entire body. 



What to do. — Avoid oleaginous purgatives, resorting, in preference, to 

 large quantities of linseed tea, or gum arable water. Give recipe No. 8, 

 and feoothing injections. In short, adopt the same treatment as for 

 nephritis. (See Section I.) 



VTI. Lithiasis, or Gravel. 



Abnormal conditions of the urine, in which either an acid or alkaline 

 condition exists to an excessive degree, predispose to the formation of 

 aand-like deposits in the bladder, from the union of the acids or alkalies 

 with the urea in a changed condition. The presence of these deposits 

 excites the bladder to contract, and hence may be noticed the inclination 

 to void the urine often, though in small quantities and slowly. The uri- 

 nation IS, of course, quite painful. Sometimes particles of the deposit 

 may be seen hanging to the long hairs around the external organ. 

 Gravel is always more prevalent among males than females. 



What to do. — Wash out the bladder with tepid water, which is easily 

 done in case of the female. For the male it will be necessary to cut 

 through the penis, as described for retention of urine. (See chapter on 

 operations.) In order to dissolve the deposit, inject into the bladder a 

 weak solution of hydrochloric acid, as follows : 



No. 44. 1 Drachm hydrochloric acid, No. 45. 20 Drops hydrochloric acid, 

 y^ Pint water, 3 Drachms gentian, 



Mix. 1 Pint oat meal gruel. 



Mix. 



Give as one dose internally No. 45. Repeat it morning and night for 

 a few days, and then change to No. 46. 



No. 46. % Pound bi-carbonate soda, 



4 Ounces gentian, 

 2 Pounds linseed meal, 

 Mix. 



Give two tablespoonfuls No. 46 morning and night. Continue this 

 for two or three weeks. 



VIII. Calculi, or Stones in the Bladder. 



Calculi, like gravel, are the product of a mechanical union of small 

 particles of phosphates, etc., that accumulate in the bladder and other 

 parts of the urinary apparatus. They are most common in localities 

 where the water is hard, as it always is on a limestone formation. 



How to know it. — The symptoms are almost exactly identical with 

 gravel. To verify the diagnosis, make a manual examination by the 

 rectum ; the stone can be felt in the bladder. 



What to do. — The stone or stones must first be removed by the 

 method described in the chapter on operations. The subsequent treat- 

 ment will be the same as for gravel. 



