PARASITIC DISEASE OF CATTLE. 913 



for at least one year. The land should be thoroughly drained, and it 

 would be well to liberally apply air-slaked lime to accelerate drying. If 

 in hook-worm infested lots the droppings are gathered every day, it will 

 decrease the infestation. 



Plowing, undoubtedly, also reduces the dangei-s of infestation, as heavily 

 infested material buried 3 inches in loose, pulvenilent, moist soil in the 

 laboratory showed that a little over one-third as many larvae ascended on 

 the glass wall of the breeding jar as in the jar used as a check where an 

 equal amount of material from the same droppings was left on the surface 

 of the moist soil. 



It is recommended that on hook-worm infested farms annual crop rota- 

 tion be practiced as far as possible. The manure should be removed from 

 stables occupied by infested animals daily and air-slaked lime used liber- 

 ally to dry up the floors. The greatest precaution should be exercised to 

 prevent the spread of this parasite into localities where it does not yet 

 occur, either by shipments of infested cattle or otherwise. 



Where it is desirable to eradicate this pest from a lot previous to putting 

 in animals that are not infested, it may be accomplished by burning. 



Dipping Cattle and Hogs. 



Cattle are dipped for miange (scab) which is prevalent on the large 

 cattle ranges of this country. It is highly contagious, being due to a 

 microscopical animal mite that burrows in the skin, causing the animal to 

 rub furiously on any post, tree or other object that he can get to. The 

 hair falls out, the skin becomes thickened, scabby and wrinkled over large 

 surfaces in bad cases. They become quite thin in flesh, thus entailing 

 great loss. On the farm the cattle can be treated successfully by the 

 means prescribed for mange in the horse, but on the range dipping has to 

 be resorted to. A tank four feet wide, six feet deep and twelve feet long 

 is built, M-ater tight. The last six feet of the tank towards the outlet k 

 sloped upwards with cross cleats on the floor for the cattle to walk out on. 

 A chute is built leading up to the tank, and then on a level for about 

 twelve feet leading on to a trap that falls with the animal's weight and 

 plunges him into the dip. A man stands on each side of the tank to help 

 him through it and safely on to the incline leading out of it. They 

 should go through the dipping process slowly so as to be in the dip two 

 or three minutes. In this manner a large number can be dipped in a 

 day. The dip mey be composed of various substances, but the dip that 

 is most commonly used is a one per cent solution of any of the coal tax 

 emulsions. The liquid in the tank should be of sufficient quantity to com- 

 pletely cover the animal when he plunges into it. " The dipping should bo 

 repeated after a week. 



Hogs are usually dipped for lice. A tank and chute similar to the one 

 above described, but, of course, very much smaller, is used for large herds, 

 but for small herds a good method is to spray them with a force pump 

 with a rose nozzle on the hose. A one per cent solution of a coal tar 

 emulsion is the best for lice. The application should be repeated after a 

 week. The sty and other enclosures where the hogs congregate should be 

 cleaned and sprayed with the same solution. 



