920 CYCLOPEDIA OF LIVE STOCK AND COMPLETE STOCK DOCTOR. 



add hot or cold water with proper proportion of dip until the right tem- 

 perature is obtained ; be careful to have all well mixed. The temperature 

 of the dip when used should be from 102° to 110' F. 



To ascertain the temperature, take some of the dip out of the vat in a 

 bucket, hold the thermometer in it, and read the temperature while it is 

 in the fluid. The dip nmst be changed as soon as it becomes filthy, re- 

 gardless of the number of cattle dipped in it, and in no case should it be 

 used when more than ten days old. "When there is any doubt as to the 

 good quality and proper strength of the dip, or if it seems to have deter- 

 iorated by standing, by freezing, or by being fouled by use, do not depend 

 upon it, but throw it away, clean out the dipping vat, and make new dip. 

 In emptying the vat the entire contents must be removed, including all 

 sediment and droppings and other foreign matter. 



In order to attain success in the treatment of mange, care and thorough- 

 ness of method must be observed. Animals that have been exposed should 

 be dipped as well as those that show distinct evidences of the disease. 

 After the lapse of ten days or two weeks following the first dipping, the 

 animals should be subjected to a second dipping, in order that parasites 

 which may have survived the first treatment, or which may have gotten 

 on the animals from corrals, sheds, buildings, or elsewhere, may be 

 destroyed. Careful examinations of thousands of cattle, thirty to forty 

 days after being put through the dip for the second time, have failed to 

 reveal evidence of scabies on any of them. 



The dip liquid in the tanks during the whole dipping process should 

 be kept at the temperature before stated — from 102° to 110° F. Each 

 animal should be kept two minutes in the dip, and be put completely 

 under twice during that time. All bad cases should be hand-rubbed and 

 kept in the dip four minutes. 



Pregnant cows have been treated, as well as cattle of all ages, from 

 calves to full-grown steers, with the loss of but one animal in one of the 

 -swimming tanks. This was a steer which for some unknown reason 

 seemed to be unable to swim and was drowned. It would appear that the 

 dipping of cows, when proper care is taken — especially to prevent crowding 

 in the chutes — has no appreciable effect upon abortions, as a comparison 

 with previous years showed that the dipping had not increased the average 

 number of abortions regularly occurring among these herds before dips 

 were used. 



