PARASITIC AND OTIILII UlSLASES. 1081 



Sometimes wrong presentations are made, and then the shepherd should 

 be ready with his hand oiled and warmed in warm water to render 

 assistance ; let him insert his hand and change the position of the fcetus 

 as the ease requires, being very careful indeed not to wound or torture 

 the ewe. 



If the lamb is dropped at night and gets chilled, put it into a warm 

 water bath and dry it thoroughly when taken out, and give it a few 

 spoonfuls of milk, diluted a little and sweetened, and with a dusting of 

 red pepper in it. Keep the ewe separate from the others for a week or 

 ten days, and feed on soft food and roots if it is too early for grass. 



XII. Navel 111. 

 Charbonous fever, or carbuncular erysipelas in lambs, in addition to 

 the other symptoms, usually manifests itself 

 in swelling of the umbilicus. The swellings 

 are not confined to the umbilical region, but 

 are often found in other parts of the body. It 

 is sometimes seen as a symptom or complica- 

 tion of rheumatic disease of the joints of lambs, 

 foals and calves. It was considered by shep- 

 herds, not many years ago, to be a distinct 

 THE ROT. disease, known as Navel 111. See illustration 



on preceding page. 



Xlll. Bare-LrOt Method of Raising Lambs to Avoid Nodule Disease. 



A panisitic worm known to scientists as Oesophagostoma colum-biananh 

 causes the appearance of nodules in the intestines of sheep. This worm 

 is generally distributed throughout the United States, and becomes a 

 serious scourge in the sheep business, especially when conditions are 

 favorable for the infestation of young lambs. It has been shown by the 

 Louisiana Experiment Station that when sheep infested by this parasite 

 are placed on clean pasture and allowed to remain for some time the 

 pasture becomes contaminated and will cause an infestation of healthy 

 sheep which may subsequently graze upon it. It was also found that 

 when an infested pasture was plowed up and cultivated for one season 

 danger of infestation with the parasitic worm which causes nodule disease 

 was entirely removed. 



This indicates a successful method of treating infested land. On ac- 

 count of the wide distribution of this parasite, however, and the general 

 infestation of breeding ewes, it was desirable to find a method by which 

 lambs could be raised from these ewes without becoming seriously infested 

 with the parasite. 



