64 MASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



badly killed ; Col. Lyman's and Mr. Stone's were all killed. 

 Charles B. Shaw's, Ira Cleveland's, John Emmons' and Jeremiah 

 Pritchard's houses (the last a span roof of one hundred feet in 

 length), were properly aired and not a vine was killed. In 1875 

 nearly the same, and in some cases worse, results followed ; H. A. 

 Gane's, Mr. Barrows' and Mr. Stone's were all killed ; Mr. Pritch- 

 ard's were badly killed ; Mr. Liversedge had one house killed 

 and another not. It has been said by some that this winter kill- 

 ing was caused by badly-drained borders, but Mr. Liversedge's 

 border was made by David Haggerston, and the vines were planted 

 by him and Messrs. Quant and McLennan, and everything was 

 done in the most thorough manner. No vines were killed there 

 until 1868 ; and last year, when he was sick and unable to attend 

 to the ventilation of the houses, more were killed. There was no 

 indication of injury to the roots. 



Mr. Watt said that he had made twenty-eight borders, and to 

 show the manner in which they were drained, instanced Mr. Bar- 

 rows', which was on a sidehill. Stones were placed under the 

 border to the depth of from two and a half to three feet, to bring it 

 to a level ; then a covering of fresh turf with the green side down ; 

 then three feet of the top spit of a pasture, thoroughly mixed with 

 one-fourth part of manure. The border was made in the fall, and 

 in the spring the whole was turned and the vines planted. 



Mr. Watt added that the later vines could be kept back in the 

 spring the better. The earliest date at which he had commenced 

 thinning was the 19th of June, and the latest the 14th of July. 

 He had used no water in vineries for twenty-five years, though be- 

 fore he came to this country he never thought he could raise 

 grapes without water. He used very little sulphur, and gave very 

 little air. Mr. Rand's house had the least water of any house he 

 ever saw, yet there was an entire absence of sunburnt leaves, 

 which he had never known before. He agreed with Mr. Wood 

 that the help must air the house, as the owners could not always 

 be at home to attend to it. Mr. Watt spoke of a house in New 

 York which was used as a greenhouse in winter and a vinery in 

 summer, and answered admirably. 



The Chairman said that he formerly had three vineries, each 

 two hundred feet in length, which he threw wide open in fall, and 

 left them so except in severe storms, the vines being covered with 

 mats. 



