FUNGOID DISEASES OF PLANTS 145 



be conveyed on clothing, boots, baskets, tools, and in 

 dozens of ways, from one place to another. Where an 

 attack has occurred the best thing to do is to proceed 

 to the spot with a supply of paraffin and a spray of 

 Bordeaux mixture. Unaffected bushes around should 

 first be sprayed as a precautionary measure, as well as 

 the diseased ones. If it be decided that the latter are 

 beyond hope of recovery they should then be carefully 

 uprooted and burnt. If only a portion of a bush is 

 mildewed, it should be cut off, covered with paraffin and 

 burned then and there. 



This mildew, as well as the European Mildew, which 

 is as a matter of fact not so common here now as the 

 new arrival, is always attracted by soft, quick-grown 

 wood, especially suckers, and this fact should be borne 

 in mind. Slow-growing varieties like " Carelass," " Long- 

 Swan " and "Whitesmith" are therefore best, as well 

 as " Golden Drop," which is a good sort. 



Precautionary measures consist in searching carefully 

 all plantations and gardens during summer and early 

 autumn for signs of this Mildew. Pickers should be 

 advised to keep a good look-out for it. Liver of sulphur 

 should be kept in stock by the grower and appHed with 

 a spraying apparatus at the rate of 1 lb. of the liver of 

 sulphur to 30 gallons of water. It is best freshly made. 



The Canker fungus {Nectria ditissima) attacks the 

 bark of young apple trees. It is unable to penetrate 

 the unbroken bark, and hence only gains a hold through 

 the trees or branches being bruised in any way. Hence 

 at pruning time or when branches are removed, the 

 wounds should be rubbed with clay or tarred over. A 

 sketch is shown of a piece of young wood badly eaten 

 away with this fungus. (See Plate 35.) 



Two other diseases of Apples and Pears may be taken, 

 which in their early stages might at first be taken to be 

 the same. The leaf shown on the left is affected with 

 Scab {Venturia incequalis) which takes the form of irre- 



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