MUSTARD FAMILY. 55 



C. prat&QSis, CUCKOO-FLOWER or LADIES' SMOCK. Stem ascending 

 from a short perennial rootstock ; the pinnate leaves with rounded and stalked 

 entire small leaflets ; flowers in spring, showy, pink or white : in bogs at the 

 north, and a double-flowered variety is an old-fashioned plant in gardens. 



C. rhomboidea. Stems upright from a small tuber, simple, bearing rather 

 large white or rose-purple flowers in spring, and simple angled or sparingly 

 toothed leaves, the lowest rounded or heart-shaped, the upper ovate or oblong : 

 in wet places northward. 



12. DENT ARIA, TOOTHWORT. (From the Latin dens, a tooth.) U 



D. diph^lla, TWO-LEAVED T., PEPPER-ROOT, or CRINKLE-ROOT. So 

 called from the fleshy, long and toothed rootstoeks, which are eaten and taste 

 like Water-Cress ; there are only 2 stem leaves, close together, each of 3 rhom- 

 bic-ovate and toothed leaflets, and the root-leaf is similar ; flowers quite large, 

 white, in spring. Woods in vegetable mould, N. 



D. laciniata, LACINIATE T. Rootstock necklace-form or constricted in 

 2 or 3 places, scarcely toothed ; stem-leaves 3 in a whorl, each 3-parted into 

 linear or lanceolate leaflets, which are cut or cleft into narrow teeth, or the 

 lateral ones 2-lobed ; flowers purplish, in spring : banks of streams. 



13. LTJNARIA, HONESTY or SATIN-FLOWER. (Name from Luna, 

 the moon, from the shape of the broad or rounded pods.) U 



L. biennis, COMMON HONESTY. Not native to the country, but cultivated 

 in old-fashioned places, for the singular large oval pods, of which the broad 

 white partitions, of satiny lustre, remaining after the valves have fallen, are 

 used for ornament ; leaves somewhat heart-shaped ; flowers large, pink-purple, 

 in early summer. 



L. rediviva, PERENNIAL HONESTY, is a much rarer sort, with oblong 

 pods ; seldom met with here. 



14. DRABA, WHITLOW-GRASS. (Name is a Greek word, meaning 

 acrid.) Low herbs, mostly with white flowers : the commoner species are the 

 following : fl. early spring ; winter annuals. 



D. Caroliniana. Leaves obovate, hairy, on a very short stem, bearing a 

 short raceme or corymb on a scape-like peduncle 1' - 4' high ; petals not notched ; 

 pods broadly linear, much larger than their pedicels : in sandy waste places. 



D. verna. A diminutive plant, with a tuft of oblong or lanceolate root- 

 leaves, and a scape l'-3' high; petals 2-cleft ; pods oval or oblong, in a ra- 

 ceme, shorter than their pedicels : in sandy waste places. 



15. CAMELINA, FALSE-FLAX. (An old name, meaning dwarf-flax; 

 the common species was fancied to be a degenerate flax.) 



C. sativa, COMMON F. A weed, in grain and flax-fields, l-2 high, 

 with lanceolate leaves, the upper ones sagittate and clasping the stem ; small 

 pale-yellow flowers, followed by obovate turgid pocls in a long loose raceme ; 

 style conspicuous. 



16. CAPSELLA, SHEPHERD 'S-PURSE. ( Name means a little pod.} 

 C. Bursa-Past6ris, COMMON S. The commonest of weeds, in waste 



places ; root-leaves pinnatifid or toothed, those of the stem sagittate and partly 

 clasping ; small white flowers followed by the triangular and notched pods, in a 

 long raceme. 



17. IB^JRIS, CANDYTUFT. (Name from the country, Iberia, an old 

 name for Spain.) Low garden plants, from Europe, cultivated for ornament; 

 different from the rest of the order in the irregular corollas. 



I. umbellata, COMMON C. . Lower leaves lanceolate, the upper 

 linear and entire ; flowers purple-lilac (or pale), in flat clusters, in summer. 



I. sempervirens, EVERGREEN C. U Rather woody-stemmed, tufted, 

 with bright green lanceolate or linear-spatulate thickish entire leaves, and liat 

 clusters of pure white flowers, in spring. 



