58 VIOLET FAMILY. 



5 petals, and 5 stamens ; the claws of the petals sometimes slightly united : 



ovary one-celled with three parietal placenta?, a single style and stigma. 



Fruit a globular woody pod, many-seeded. 



P. Tobira, COMMON P. A low tree, cultivated as a house-plant (from 

 Japan), with ohovate and retuse evergreen leaves crowded at the end of 

 the branches, which are terminated by a small sessile umbel of white fragrant 

 Cowers, produced in winter. 



14. VIOLACE^j VIOLET FAMILY. 



x Commonly known only by the principal genus of the order, viz. 



1. VIOLA, VIOLET. (Ancient Latin name.) Sepals 5, persistent. Pet- 

 als 5, more or less unequal, the lower one with a sac or spur at the base. 

 (Lessons, p. 91, fig. 181, 182.) Stamens 5, short: the very broad flat lila- 

 ments conniving and slightly cohering around the pistil, which they cover, 

 all but the end of the style and the (usually one-sided) stigma, bearing the 

 anthers on their inner face, two of these spurred at the base. Ovary and pod 

 1 -celled, with 3 parietal placentae, containing several rather large seeds. 

 Herbs, with stipules to the alternate leaves, and 1 -flowered peduncles. 

 * STEMLESS VIOLETS, with leaves and peduncles all. from creeping or sxh. 

 t< rn mean rootstoclcs, there leinq no proper ascending stems : all flowering in 

 sprint], also producing incatupicumu Jlir< rs and most of the fruitful pods, 

 all summer, concealed amo:i<j ili<- Ac/ /vs. 



t- Garden species, from J-luropc : frwjrant. 



V. odorata, SWEET VIOLET. Cult, from Eu., the tufts spreading hy 

 creeping runners ; leaves rounded heart-shaped, more or less downy ; flowers 

 purple-blue (violet-color) varying to bluish and white, single or in cultivation 

 commonly full double. Hardy ; while the ITALIAN- VIOLET, the variety used 

 for winter-blooming, with leaves smoother and brighter green and flowers paler 

 or grayish-blue, is tender northward. 



*- *- Wild s/K-rfrs : slir/itt/i/ sircct-srcntrd or scentless. 

 -i-*- F/oirr.rs blue or ciolct-cohr. 



V. Selkirk!!, SELKIRK'S V. Small, only 2' high, the rounded heart- 

 shaped leaves spreading flat on the ground ; the flower large in proportion, its 

 thick spur nearly as long as the beardless petals : on shady banks, only N. 



V. sagittata, ARROW-LEAVED V. One of the commonest and earliest ; 

 leaves varying from oblong-heart-shaped to ovate and often rather halberd- 

 shaped, the earlier ones on short and margined petioles ; flower large in propor- 

 tion ; spur short and sac-shaped, as in all the following. 



V. CUCUllata, COMMON- BLUE V. The tallest and commonest of the 

 blue violets, in all low grounds, with matted fleshy and scaly-toothed rootstocks, 

 erect and heart-shaped or kidney-shaped obscurely serrate leaves, with the sides 

 at the base rolled in when young, on long petioles ; flowers sometimes pale or 

 variegated with white. 



V. palmata, HAND-LEAF V., is a variety of the last, with the leaves, or 

 all the later ones, 3 - 7 -cleft or parted ; common southward. 



V. pedata, BIRD-FOOT V. Grows in sandy or light soil, from a short and 

 thick or tuber-like rootstock ; the leaves all cut into linear divisions or lobes ; 

 the flower large, beardless, usually light violet-color : sometimes the two upper 

 petals deep dark violet, like a pansy. 



V. delphin!f61ia, LARKSPI:R-LEAVED V., takes the place of the preced- 

 ing in prairies, &e. W. and is like it, but has the lateral petals bearded. 



+" <-* Floivers (small) white, the lower petal purplish-veined. 



V. blanda, SWEET WHITE V. Very common, with faintly sweet-scented 

 flowers, all the petal-; beardless; leaves rounded heart-shaped or kidney-shaped. 



V. primulsef61ia, PRIMROSE-LEAVED V. Common S., between the last 

 and next, has oblong or ovate leaves. 



V. lanceolata, LANCE-LEAVED V. Commonest S., has lanceolate leaves 

 tapering into long petioles, and beardless petals. 



