/' COMPOSITE FAMILY. 207 



69. HIERACIUM, HAWKWEED (which the name means in Greek). 

 Wild plants of the country, in dry ground : fl. summer and autumn. "ty 



H. Canad6nse, chiefly N., has simple stems l-3 high and leafy up to 

 the corymbed summit ; lanceolate or oblong acute leaves with a few coarse teeth, 

 and rather large heads with loose imbricated involucre. 



H. paniculatum, in woods, has slender and branching leafy stems 2 -3 

 high, lanceolate scarcely toothed leaves, a loose panicle of very small 12-20- 

 flowered heads on slender peduncles, the involucre very simple. 



H. scabrum, in more open grounds, is roughish-hairy, with rather stout 

 simple stem (2 -3 high), bearing obovate or oval nearly entire leaves, and 

 a narrow panicle of many small heads, the 40 - 50-flowered involucre and stiff 

 peduncles thickly beset with dark glandular bristles ; akenes not tapering. 



H. longipilum, in prairies W., is so named from the exceedingly long 

 (often 1') straight bristly hairs of the stem ; has narrow oblong entire leaves, 

 panicle and 20 - 30-flowered involucre between the last and the next, and akenes 

 spindle-shaped. 



H. Gronbvii, common in sterile soil, with slender stems leafy and very 

 hairy below, leaves oblong or obovate, panicle narrow, small heads, slendeV 

 peduncles and 20 - 30-flowcred involucre sparingly glandular-bristly, and spindle- 

 shaped akenes with very tapering summit. 



H. venbsum, RATTLESNAKE- WEED ; common in dry sandy ground, very 

 smooth or with a few hairs ; with leaves chiefly at the root, obovate or oblong, 

 thin, purple-tinged beneath and purple-veiny above ; scape slender, l-2 high, 

 forking into 2-7 slender peduncles bearing small about 20-flo\vered heads ; 

 akenes linear, not tapering. 



70. NABALUS, RATTLESNAKE-ROOT. (Name from Greek word 

 for a harp, alluding probably to the lyrate leaves of some species.) Roots 

 tuberous or spindle-shaped, bitter. Fl. late summer and autumn. ^ 



* Peduncles and 5 12-flowered heads smooth : leaves very variable. 



N. altissimus, TALL R. or WHITE-LETTUCE. Rich woods N., 3 -6 

 high, with long and narrow leafy panicle, petioled leaves inclined to be ovate- 

 triangular ; heads 5 6-flowered ; pappus dirty white. 



JN. albus, COMMON WHITE-LETTUCE, in open woods, chiefly N. and W., 

 is glaucous, with more corymbed panicles of 8-12-flowered heads, usually more 

 cut or divided leaves, and cinnamon-colored pappus. 



N. Fraseri, LION'S-FOOT, or GALL-OF-THE-EARTH, is commonest in dry 

 soil E. and IS., l-4 high, with narrow-corymbcd panicles of 8- 12-flowcred 

 heads, and pappus dull straw-color. 



* * Peduncles and 12 40-flowered heads Jiairy. Chipfly West, on plains, tf-c. 



N. racembsus has smooth wand-like stem 2 - 5 high, lance-oblong 

 slightly toothed leaves, the upper ones partly clasping, and a narrow spiked 

 panicle of about 12-flowered heads. 



N. asper is similar, but rough-pubescent, the 12- 14-flowered heads mostly 

 erect and larger. 



N. crepedinius, only W., is smoother, with stout stem 5 - 8 high, 

 wide corymbed panicles of 20 - 40-flowered heads, brown pappus, and broad 

 leaves G ; - 12' long on winged petioles. 



71. PYRRHOPAPPUS, FALSE DANDELION. (Name means in 

 Greek Jlaiix -colored fia/i/ms ; this anil the leafy stems obviously distinguish 

 this genus from the next.) @ 



P. Carolinianus, in sandy fields from Maryland S. : l-2 high, with 

 oblong or lanceolate leaves often pinnatitid or cut, the upper partly clasping : 

 fl. spring and summer. 



72. TARAXACUM, DANDELION. (Greek name referring to medici- 

 nal properties of the root. ) @ 1J. 



T. Dens-lebnis, COMMON D., in all fields, &c., from spring to autumn. 

 Inner involucre closes after blossoming till the akenes mature and the beak 



