HEATH FAMILY. . 211 



Epacrises and the like differ from Heaths in their stamens (often 

 inserted on the tube of the corolla) having one-celled anthers. The 

 Heath Family comprises the following subordinate families: 



I. WHORTLEBERRY FAMILY, known by having the tube 

 of the calyx adherent to the ovary, on which the monopetalous 

 corolla and the stamens are therefore mounted. All are shrubs, 

 with scaly buds. Fruit a berry or berry-like. 



1. GAYLUSSACIA. Stamens 10: anthers with the cells opening by a chink at 



the blunt or tapering top. Ovary 10-celled with one ovule in each cell, form- 

 ing a berry-like fruit containing 10 apparent seeds, or properly little stones. 

 Flowers in lateral racemes; branchlets and leaves beset with resinous or 

 clammy dots or atoms. 



2. VACClNlUM. Stamens 10 or 8: anthers tapering up into a tube with a hole 



at the top. Ovary with several or many ovules in each cell, forming a pulpy 

 many-seeded (rarely rather few-seeded) berry. 



3. CHIOOENES. Stamens 8: anthers with short cells minutely 2-pointed, and 



opening by a lai'ge chink down to the middle. Ovary 4-celled, in fruit a white 

 many-seeded berry. 



II. HEATH FAMILY PROPER ; shrubs or small trees with 

 calyx free from the ovary. 



1. HEATHS: the corolla persisting dry and scarious long after the flowers open, 

 enclosing the pod; the evergreen leaves needle-shaped or minute. Lobes of 

 calyx and corolla 4: stamens 8. No scaly leaf-buds. 



4. ERICA. Corolla of various shapes, 4-toothed or 4-clcft, longer than the calyx. 



Pod loculicidal. Leaves needle-shaped or linear with margins revolute. 

 6. CALLUNA. Corolla bell-shaped, 4-parted, much shorter and less conspicuous 

 than the 4 colored and scarious-persistent sepals; below these 2 or 3 pairs of 

 bracts, the inner ones scale-like. Pod septicidal. Leaves very short and 

 small, opposite, crowded, and imbricated. 



^ 2. Corolla deciduous (not remaining dry after flowering). 



* Monopetalous (or in No. 16 with two of the petals nearly separate). 



*- Fruit berry-like, containing 5-10 seeds or very small stones : calyx dry underneath. 



6. ARCTOSTAPHYLOS. Corolla urn-shaped, 5-toothed, enclosing the 10 sta- 



mens ; their anthers opening at the top, and 2-awned on the back. Leaves 

 alternate. 



i - Fruit a dry and many-seeded pod, 



++ But enclosed in the calyx which becomes thick and flethy, so that the fruit imitates 

 a berry, but has a dry pod inside. 



7. GAULTHERIA. Corolla oblong or short-cylindrical, 5-toothed. Anthers 10, 



4-awned or 4-pointed at top, opening only there. Leaves alternate, broad, 

 often spicy-aromatic, evergreen. 



*- -M- Calyx dry and separate from tlie pod. 

 a. Corolla salver-shaped, 5-lubed ; anthers opening lengthwise, not appendaged. 



8. EPIG^EA. Sepals 5, thin and scale-like, ovate-lanceolate, style slender. Leaves 



evergreen, reticulated, roundish. 



b. Corolla cylindrical, urn-shaped, orate, or globular, rery rarely bell-shaped, the 

 orifice b-fnothed ; a nth era <>p( in tig wholly or mainly at the top. All belonged to 

 ANDROMEDA of Linn&us, now divided as follows. 



9. CASSANDRA. Calyx of 5 ovate and acute rigid sepals overlapping in the 



bud, and a pair of 'similar bractlets at its base. Corolla almost cylindrical. 

 Anthers with tubular tips to the cells, and no awns on the back. Pod flattish 

 from above, when ripe splitting into nn outer layer of 5 valves and an 

 inner cartilaginous one of 10 valves. Shrub, with leaves rather scurfy. 

 10. LEtJCOTHOE. Calyx of 5 almost separate sepals a little overlapping in the 

 bud. Corolla ovate-oblong or almost cylindrical. Anthers without tubular 

 tips. Pod flattish from above, 5-valved", loculicidal. Shrubs. 



