PRIMROSE FAMILY. 223 



* # From a dejrressed or biscuit-shaped fleshy corm. 



3. CYCLAMEN. Flower resembling that of Dodecatheon, but only one on a 



scape or stalk. Anthers sessile, pointed. 



2. With leafy stems, the leaves simple and chiefly entire, 

 # In one whorl at the summit of the slender stem : parts of the flower 7. 



4. TRIENTALIS. Calyx and corolla wheel-shaped, of mostly 7 divisions united 



only at base, those of the' former linear-lanceolate, of the latter oblong, of 

 both pointed. Filaments united in a ring at base: anthers oblong, curving 

 when old. Flowers white. 



# * In pairs or whorls along the stems : parts of the flower mostly 5. 



5. LYSIMACHIA. Corolla yellow, wheel-shaped, 5-parted (or rarely of 5, 6, or 



even 7 nearly or quite separate narrow petals). Filaments beardless, often 

 monadelphous at base. Pod splitting into valves. 



6. AN AGALLIS. Corolla red, blue, or white, wheel-shaped, the 5 divisions broad. 



Filaments bearded. Pod (a pyxis) open by a transverse division, the top 

 falling off as a lid, many-seeded. 



# * * Alternate leaves along the branching stems : base of calyx and ovary coherent. 



7. SAMOLUS. Calyx 5-cleft, Corolla bell-shaped, 5-cleft, with a little body 



like a sterile filament in the clefts. Stamens included. Pod many-seeded, 

 splitting into 5 valves. Flowers small, white, in racemes. 



3. With hollow inflated leafy stems ; the leaves whorled or scattered, the lower ones 

 pinnately parted : parts of the flower 5. 



8. HOTTONIA. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla short salver-shaped: stamens included. 



Pod opening by 5 clefts down the side, many-seeded. Flowers small, in 

 whorls along the upper part of the stem and branches. 



1. PRIMULA, PRIMROSE, COWSLIP, &c. (Name from primus, 

 spring, from the flowering-time of true Primrose.) ^ Two small species 

 are scarce along our northern borders (see Manual) : the following are the 

 common ones cult, for ornament. 



# Tender house-plant, with injlahd conical calyx, and round-heart-shaped 7 - 9- 



lobed leaves. 



P. Sinensis, CHINESE PRIMROSE, a downy plant, Avith often proliferous 

 umbels of large and showy flowers, purple, rose, or white, sometimes double, 

 in one variety cut-fringed. 



# * Hardy or nearly so, from Eu , icith large tubular or obhng-bdl-shaped angled 



ca/yx, and wrinkled-veiny ob'ong or spatu/ate leaves tapering into short wing- 



marqimd petioles : flow<-rs natural/ 1/ yellow, in spring. 



P. grandifl6ra (or ACAULIS), TRUE PRIMROSE, has leaves somewhat 

 hairy beneath, and the large Mowers rising on slender pedicels from their axils, 

 the proper scapes not developed ; corolla flat, sulphur-yellow. 



P. officinalis (or VERIS), ENGLISH COWSLIP; somewhat pubescent with 

 minute pale down, scapes bearing the umbels above the leaves, much smaller 

 flowers of deeper color, and the limb of corolla rather concave or cup-like, the 

 throat commonly orange. The sorts of POLYANTHUS are cultivated varieties, 

 with flowers enlarged, of various colors, or partycolored, often more or less 

 double. 



# * * Scarcely hardy N., with bell-shaped calyx much shorter than the funnel- 



altttped corolla, and smooth and thick obocate leaves, moatly cavtred with 

 some fine mealiness. 



P. Auricula, AURICULA, of Southern Europe ; low, with sessile leaves, 

 tid scape bearing a few fragrant flowers, these pal 

 purple, or of various hues, sometimes full double. 



and scape bearing a few fragrant flowers, these pale yellow, with varieties white, 



ble. 



2. DODECATHEON. (Fanciful name, from Greek for twelve gods.) J/. 



D. Meadia, called SHOOTING-STAR at the West, or sometimes AMERICAS 



COWSLIP : in rich open woods from Penn. S. and especially W., and cult, for 



ornament ; smooth, with a cluster of oblong or spatuiatc leaves around the base 



