38 



MORPHOLOGY OF STEM8 A.ND BRANCHES. [LESSON 



and the Gooseberry naturally multiply in this way, as well as by 

 suckers (which we see are just the same thing, only the connecting 

 part is concealed under ground). They must have suggested the 

 operation of layering, or bending down and covering with earth 

 branches which do not naturally make stolons ; and after they have 

 taken root, as they almost always will, the gardener cuts through 

 the connecting stem, and so converts a rooting branch \nto a sepa 

 rate plant. 



90. Offsets, like those of the Houseleek, are only short stolons, 

 with a crown of leaves at the end. 



91. Runners, of which the Strawberry presents the most familiar 

 example, are a long and slender, tendril-like, leafless form of creep- 

 ing branches. Each runner, after having grown to its full length 

 strikes root from the tip, and fixes it to the ground, then forms a bud 

 there, which develops into a tuft of leaves, and so gives rise to a new 

 plant, which sends out new runners to act in the same way. In this 

 manner a single Strawberry plant vill spread over a large space, or 

 produce a great number of plants, in the course of the summer ; all 

 connected at first by the slender runners , but these die in the 

 following winter, if not before, and leave the plants as so many 

 separate individuals. 



92. Teiidriis are branches of a very slender sort, like runners, not 

 destined like them for propagation, and therefore always destitute 



r 



of buds or leaves, but intended for cliinhiiiii. Those of the Grape- 

 Vine, of the Virginia Creeper (Fig. 62), and of the Cucumber and 



FIG. (12. Piece of the stem of Virginia Cn-i-per, bearine a leal ami a temlri 1 . fi3. Tip* 

 ot'a tei.dril, about the natural si/,e, showing the disks by which they hold fast to ivalls. &.c 



