58 MORPHOLOGY OF LEAVES AS FOLIAGE. [LESSON 8. 



Linear (Fig. 85), when narrow, several times longer than wide, 

 and of the same breadth throughout. 



Lanceolate, or lance-shaped, when several times longer than wide, 

 and tapering upwards (Fig. 86), or both upwards and downwards. 



Oblong (Fig. 87), when nearly twice or thrice as long as broad. 



Elliptical (Fig. 88) is oblong with a flowing outline, the two ends 

 alike in width. 



Oval is the same as broadly elliptical, or elliptical with the breadth 

 considerably more than half the length. 



Ovate (Fig. 89), when the outline is like a section of a hen's-egg 

 lengthwise, the broader end downward. 



Orbicular, or rotund (Fig. 102), circular in outline, or nearly so. 



151. When the leaf tapers towards the base, instead of upwards, 

 it may be 



OUanceolate (Fig. 91), which is lance-shaped, with the more 



tapering end downwards ; 



Spatulate (Fig. 92), round- 

 ed above and long and narrow 

 below, like a spatula ; 



Obovate (Fig. 93), or in- 

 versely ovate, that is, ovate with 

 the narrower end down ; or 

 Cuneate, or cuneiform, that is, wedge-shaped (Fig. 94), broad 

 above and tapering by straight lines to an acute angle at the base. 



152. As to lllC Base, its shape characterizes several forms, such as 

 Cordate, or heart-shaped (Fig. 90, 99, 8), when a leaf of an ovate 



form, or something like it, has the outline of its rounded base turned 

 in (forming a notch or sinus) where the stalk is attached. 



Reniform, or kidney-shaped (Fig. 100), like the last, only rounder 

 and broader than long. 



FIG. 85-90. Various forms of feather-veined leaves. 



Fit! 91. Oblanceolate,92. upatnlato, M. obovate, 94. wedge-shaped, feather- veined leaves 



