128 ROSK FAMILY. 



15. CRAT.33GUS, HAWTHORN, WHITE THORN. (Old Greek 

 name.) Small trees or shrubs, with hard wood; flowers white, except in 

 some varieties of English Hawthorn, in spring or early summer; ripening the 

 red or reddish fruit mostly in autumn. 



1. Flowers many in the corymb, small, irff.h 5 styles ; fruit not lan/erthan small 

 peas, scarlet or coral-red : leaves, frc., smooth or nearly so. 



C. Pyracantha, KVERGREEN THORN. Planted for ornament and spar- 

 ingly nut. from S. Penn. S. (from S. Europe) : shrub 4 - 6, with the shining 

 evergreen leaves lance-spatulate and crenulate, only 1' long, and small clusters 

 of flowers terminating short branches. 



C. spathulata. Tall shrub or low tree, from Virginia S., with almost 

 evergreen shining spatufcite leaves, eremite towards the apex, or on vigorous 

 shoots cut-lobcd, and with hardly any petiole. 



C. COrdata, WASHINGTON T. Small tree, from Virg. and Kentucky S., 

 and has been planted for hedges ; has broadly triangular-ovate or heart-shaped 

 thinnish leaves, often 3 - 5-clcft or cut and serrate, on slender petiole. 



2. Flowers many in the corymb, middle-sized : fruit coral-red, ovoid, rather small. 



C. arbor^SCens. River-banks far S. : tree with few stout thorns or none, 

 thin oblong sen-ate leaves acute at both ends, on slender petioles ; styles 5. 



C. Oxyacantha, ENGLISH HAWTHORN. Planted from En. for orna- 

 ment and hedges ; tree or shrub with obovatc smooth leaves wedge-shaped at 

 base, cut-lobed and toothed above; styles 2 or 3, rarely only 1. With single or 

 double, white, rose, or pink-red (lowers. 



C. apiifolia, PARSLEY-LEAVED T. Common S. Sm ill tree soft-downy 

 when young; the leaves smoothish with age, pinnatih'd, the 5-7 lobes crowded, 

 cut and toothed ; petioles slender ; styles 1 - 3. 



3. Flowers many in the cori/mh, large ; the calyx-teeth with the bracts and 

 sti miles often beset with (/lands : fruit edible, half tin inch or more lony, its 

 cells or stones and the sti/les variable in number, 1 - 5. All tall shrub* or 

 low trees, of thickets and rocky Ixuikt, or planted. 



C. COCCinea, SCARLET-FRUITED T. Smooth, with the leaves thin, round- 

 ish-ovate, sharply cut-toothed or lobcd, on slender petioles, the coral or scarlet 

 fruit much smaller than in the next and hardlv eatable. 



C. tomentosa, PBAR or BLACK T. Downy or soft-hairy when yeung ; 

 the leaves thiekish, oval, ovate, or obovate, sharply toothed or cut, below ab- 

 ruptly narrowed into a margined petiole, the upper surface impressed along the 

 main veins or ribs ; flowers often 1' broad, and scarlet or orange fruit from two 

 thirds to three fourths of an inch long, pleasant-tasted. Of many varieties : the 

 two which differ most from the common one with the well-flavored fruit are : 

 Var. PUNCT\TA, with smaller and wcdgc-obovatc leaves irregularly toothed 

 towards the summit, and dull red and yellowish fruit, sometimes white-dotted. 

 Var. MOLLIS, of the Western States, with rounded soft-downy leaves, not taper- 

 ing but sometimes even heart-shaped at base, sharply doubly toothed and cut; 

 :'ruit dull red and less pleasant-tasted. 



C. Crus-galli, COCKSPUU T. Smooth ; the wcdgc-ol>ovate or oblanceo 

 late leaves thick and firm, deep-green and glossy, serrate above the middle, ta- 

 pering into a very short petiole ; thorns very long and sharp : fruit bright red 

 The (test species for hedges : has both narrow and broad-leaved varieties. 



4. Flowers solitary, in pairs, or only 3 - <> in flu- mri/mb ; styles, and nils, 

 4-5: lea res mostly i>n/>es<-ent underneath : fruit often <atable. 



CJ. Bestivalis, SI-MMKR H.vw of S. States. Along pine-barren ponds, 

 from S. <'ar. S. & W. : tree with spatulate or wed^-e-obovate coriaceous leaves, 

 eremite above, the middle, no glands, :\ - 5-flowered peduncles, and large red 

 juicy fruit, pleasantly acid, used for tarts, &c. : ripe in summer. 



C. flava, YKI.LOW or STMMKK HAW. Sandy soil, from Virginia S. : 

 small tree, with wed-re-ohovaie leaves -iowiiy or smoothish, toothed or cut above 

 the middle, the tec tn or margins aim MIOIT pct.oie gianduiai' , the ueur-shaped 

 or globular fniit yellowish, greenish, or tinged with red. 



