PRIMROSE FAMILY. 223 



* * From a dr pressed or biacuit-sh fined fleshy corm. 



3. CYCLAMEN. Flower resembling that of Dodecatheon, but only one on a 



scape or stalk. Anthers sessile, pointed. 



2. With lc.afy steins, the leaves simple and chiefly entire, 

 * In one whorl at the summit of the slender stem : parts of the flower 7<i ft fj*>tt fr "tit 



4. TRIENTALIS. Calyx and corolla wheel-shaped, of mostly 7 divisions 'united 



onlv at base, those of the former linear-lanceolate, of the latter oblong, of 

 both pointed. Filaments united in a ring at base: anthers oblong, curving 

 when old. Flowers white. 



# * In pairs or ichorls along the stems : parts <>f the flower mostly 5. 

 6. LYSIMACHIA. Corolla yellow, wheel-shaped, 5-parted (or rarely of 5, 6, or 

 even 7 nearly or quite separate narrow petals). Filaments beardless, often 

 monadelphous at base. Pod splitting into valves. 



6. ANAGALLIS. Corolla red, blue, or white, wheel-shaped, the 5 divisions broad. 



Filaments bearded. Pod (a pyxis) open by a transverse division, the top 

 falling oft* as a lid, many-seeded. 



* * * Alternate leaves a/on a the branching stems : base of calyx and ovary coherent. 



7. SAMOLUS. Calyx 5-cleff. Corolla bell-shaped, 5-cleft, with a little body- 



like a sterile filament in the clefts. Stamens included. Pod many-seeded, 

 splitting into 5 valves. Flowers small, white, in racemes. 



3. With hollow inflated leafy stems ; the leaves whorled or scattered, the lower ones 

 piunately parted : parts of the flower 5. 



8. HOTTONIA. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla short salver-shaped : stamens included. 



Pod opening by 5 clefts down the side, many-seeded. Flowers small, in 

 whorls along the upper part of the stem and branches. 



1. PRIMULA, PRIMROSE, COWSLIP, &c. (Name from primus, 

 spring, from the flowering-time of true Primrose.) ^ Two small species 

 are scarce along our northern borders (see Manual) : the following are the 

 common ones cult, for ornament. 



* Tender house-plant, with inflated conical calyx, and round-heart-shaped 7 - 9- 



lol)cd leaves. 



P. Sin6nsiS, CHINESE PRIMROSE, a downy plant, with often proliferous 

 umbels of large and showy flowers, purple, rose, or white, sometimes double, 

 in one variety cut-fringed. 



* # Hardy or nearh/ so, from Ku , with large tubular or i>bl on a -bell -shaped angled 



calyx, and torinkfed-VHlty oh' any or spatalate leave* tapering into short wing- 



marf/int d petioles : ftoW' rs natural/// yellow, in sprint/. 



P. grandiflbra (or ACAULIS), TRUE PRIMROSE, has leaves somewhat 

 hairy beneath, and the large flowers rising on slender pedicels from their axils, 

 the proper scapes not developed ; corolla flat, sulphur-yellow. 



P. officinalis (or VERIS), ENGLISH COWSLIP; somewhat pubescent with 

 minute pale down, scapes bearing the umbels above the leaves, much smaller 

 flowers of deeper color, and the limb of corolla rather concave or cup-like, the 

 throat commonly orange. The sorts of POLYANTHUS are cultivated varieties, 

 with flowers enlarged, of various colors, or partycolored, often more or less 

 double. 



* * * Scarcely hardy N., with bell-shaped calyx much shorter than the funnel- 



shaped corolla, and smooth and thick obovate leaves, mostly covered with 



some fine mealiness. 



P. Auricula, AURICULA, of Southern Europe ; low, with sessile leaves, 

 and scape bearing a few fragrant flowers, these pale yellow, with varieties white, 

 purple, or of various hues, sometimes full double. 



2. DODECATHEON. (Fanciful name, from Greek for twelve gods.) % 

 D. Meadia, called SHOOTING-STAR at the West, or sometimes AMERICAN 



COWSLIP : in rich open woods from Penn. S. and especially W., and cult, for 

 ornament ; smooth, with a cluster of oblong or spatulate leaves around the base 



