272 GENTIAN FAMILY. 



2. FRASERA, AMERICAN COLUMBO. (Named for John Fraser.) 



F. Caroiin6nsis. Rich wooded ground W. & S. : root very large and 

 deep, bitter (used in medicine as a substitute for Columbo) ; stem 3 -8 high - f 

 leaves mostly in fours, lance-oblong, or the lowest spatulate ; corolla 1' wide, 

 greenish-yellow or whitish, and dark-dotted. ^ 



3. GENTIANA, GENTIAN. (Old name, from Gentius, king of Illyria.) 

 Chiefly in woods and damp ground : flowering chiefly in autumn, a few in 

 summer.^ 



I. Corolla without plaits at the sinuses : anthers separate: seeds wingless. (2) 



G. quinqueflbra. Chiefly N. & W. : branching ; leaves ovate-lanceolate 

 or slightly h. -art-shaped at base'; flowers panicled, hardly 1' long, the 5 lobes 

 of the pale I) ue corolla triangular-ovate, bristle-pointed./*-- 



G. Crimea, FKIXGCD GKNTIAN. Lo_w_ grounds /s N.& W. : leaves lanceo- 

 late or broader, with rounded or heart-shaped base ; flowers solitary on long 

 peduncles terminating the stem or simple branches ; calyx with 4 unequal 

 lobes ; corolla sky-blue, showy, 2' long, funnel form, the 4 wedge-obovate lobes 

 with margins cut into a long and delicate fringe. 



G. detonsa, takes the place of the preceding spec'es N. W , and is perhaps 

 a variety of it : has linear leaves and less fringe to the corolla (to which the 

 name alludes), often none at the top of the lobes. 



2. Corolla nuked, l^'-2' long, with plaits at the sinuses, which project more or 

 less into teeth or thin intermediate lobes : pod stalked in the corolla. ^ 



* Stems low, bear i n y 1-3 slender-peduncled flowers : seeds wingless. 



G. angUStifolia. Pine barrens from N. Jersey S. : 6' -15' high, with 

 linear leaves, and open funnel-form azure-blue corolla 2' long, its lobes ovate ; 

 anthers separate. 



# * Stems l-2 high, bearing clustered or rarely solitary 2-bracted Jluw^rs at the 



summit of the leafy stem, and oft.en in the upper axil* also. 



- Corolla between bell-shaped and short-funnel-form or obconiail, mostly open, with 

 ovate lobes exceeding the usually toothed appendages of the plaits. 



G. OChroletlca. Chiefly S. in dry ground : leaves obovatc or spatulatc- 

 oblong, narrowed at the base; calyx-lobes linear ; corolla greenish-white with 

 greener and purplish stripes inside, somewhat bell-shaped ; anthers separate ; 

 seeds wingless. 



G. alba. Along the Allsghanies and N W. : flowering at midsummer ; 

 leaves lance-ovate from a partly heart-shaped base, tapering thence to a point ; 

 cilyx-lobes ovate, short; corolla yellowish-white, with short and broad lobes; 

 anthers conniving ; seeds broadly winged. 



G. puberula. Dry barrens and prairies W. & S. : low, roughish, or 

 minutely pubescent, with lancj-oblong, ovate, or linear rough-margined leaves 

 only 1 -2' long; calyx-lobes lanceolate; corolla bright blue, open, its spreading 

 ovate lobes 2 or 3 times longer than the cut-toothed intermediate appendage.- ; 

 seeds not covering the walls of the pod, as they do in the related species. 



G. Saponaria, SOAPWOKT G. Low woods, chiefly N. and along tho 

 Alleghanies; le.ives lance-ovate, oblong, or obovatc, or in a northern varietv 

 linear, narrowed at 1) HC ; calyx-lobes linear or spatulatr ; corolla light blue o'r 

 verging to white, little open, its short and broad lobes longer than the con- 

 spicuous 2-cleft intermediate appendages ; anther.-, conniving or united ; seeds 

 narrowly-winged. 



*- -i- Corolla more club-shaped and seldom open, tmncnti\ with no proper lobes. 

 G. Andr6wsii, CLOSKD G. Wood; especially \. : leaves lance-ovate or 

 lance-oblong with a narrowed base ; calyx-lobes ovate or oblong, short; corolla 



blue (rarely a white variety), its proper lobes if any shorter than the broad and 

 more conspicuous fringe-toothed and notched appendages which terminate tlio 

 folds ; anthers connected ; seeds broadly winded. 



