312 PINE FAMILY. 



P. inops, JERSEY SCRUB P. Low straggling tree of barrens and sterile 

 hills, from New Jersey S. & W. ; with drooping brjuichlets, leaves 1'- 3' long, 

 and solitary ovate-oblong cones 2' long, rellexed on a short stalk, the scales 

 tipped with an awl-shaped prickle. 



P. Banksiana, GRAY or NORTHERN SCRUB P. Along our northern 

 frontiers and extending N., on rocky banks : straggling shrub or tree, 5-20 

 high ; with oblique or contorted leaves 1' long, curved cones barely 2' long, and 

 blunt scales. 



# # Cones at the apex of the branch and falling after shedding the seed, their 

 scales slightly thickened at the end and without any prickly point ; leans 

 only 2 in the cluster and with a long sheath, slendej: 



P. resinbsa, RKD PINE, and wrongly called NORWAY PINE : the Latin 

 name not a good one, as the tree is not especially resinous : dry woods N. 

 from N. England to Wisconsin; 50 -80 high, with reddish and smoothish 

 bark, compact wood, dark green leaves 5' 6' long and not rigid, and ovate- 

 conical smooth cones about 2' long. 



2. WHITE PINES, with softer leaves, 5 in the cluster, their sheath and the scale 

 underneath early deciduous : cones long, cylindrical, terminal, hanging, 

 falling after shedding t/ic seeds, their scales hardly if at all thickened at the 

 end, jiointlexs : seed thin-shelled and winged. 



P. Strbbus, WHITE PINE. Tall tree in low or fertile soil N. and along 

 the mountains ; with soft white wood invaluable for lumber, smooth greenish 

 bark on young trunks and branches, pale or glaucous slender leaves 3' - 4' long, 

 and narrow cones 5' - 6' long. 



P. excdlsa, BIIOTAN or HIMALAYAN WHITE P. Ornamental tree barely 

 hardy for N. ; with the drooping and white leaves and the cones nearly twice 

 the length of those of White Pine. 



P. Lambertlana, LAMBERT'S or SUGAR P. One of the tallest trees of 

 Oregon and California, beginning to be planted : has leaves as rigid as in many 

 Pitch Pines, 3' -5' long, bright green, the cones also at first erect, when full 

 grown 12' -20' long. 



3. NUT PINES, with leaves, Sfc. as in the preceding Sfction, but short thick coins 

 of fewer and thick pointless scales, and large hard-sheJlcd edible seeds desti- 

 tute of a wing 



P. C6mbra, CEMBRA or Swiss STONE P. of the higher Alps : small, 

 slow-growing, very hardy ornamental tree, with green 4-sidcd leaves 3' -4' long 

 and much crowded on the erect branches ; cones round-oval, erect, 2' long, the 

 round seeds as large as peas. 



2. ABIES, SPRUCE, FIR (Classical Latin name. The names AUIES 

 and PICEA, for Spruce and Fir, arc just oppositely used by ditl'ercnt authors. 

 Linnaeus employed the former for Spruce, the latter for Fir, and so do some 

 late writers. The ancients used the name." just the other way, and the later 

 botanists mostly follow them ) Fl. late spring. 



1. SPRUCE. Con<s hanging or nodding on the end of a branch, their scales 

 IK rsistcnt. : <<//* of the anther owning lengthwise: the n&dlt-shaptd and 

 4-sided /tares pointing <rcn/ way. 



A. exc^lsa, NORWAY SPRUCE : the most common and most vigorous 

 jpecies planted, from Europe; fine large tree, with stout branches, deep green 

 leaves larger than in the next, the mature hanging cones .V-7' long. 



A. nigra, BLACK or DOIT.I.K SPRITE. Cold woods and swamps N. and 

 along the mountains S. : middle-si/ed tree, with leaves (r-eldom over ' long) 

 dark green, and a glaucous-whitish variety Iv ; its ovate cones recurving on 

 bent branches, I'-l^Hong, peafetenl for several years, thin rigid scales with 

 thin often <To<l"d cil^e. 



A. alba, WHITE SIMMTK. Wild only along our northern borders and X. ; 

 when planted a verv handsome tree, with pale glaucous leaves ; cylindrical 

 noddiii- cones about 2' long, falling the first winter, the thinner scales with a 

 tirm even edge. 



