PINE FAMILY. 315 



9. THUJA, ARBOR VTT^E. (Ancient name of some resin-bearing ever- 

 green.) The varieties planted in collections are very numerous ; the follow- 

 ing are the principal natural types, by many taken for genera. 



T. occidentals, AMERICAN ARBOR VIT^S, or WHITE CEDAR of the 

 North. Common tree N., in swamps and cool moist woods, much planted, 

 especially for hedges and screens ; leaves mostly of the scale-shaped sort, blunt 

 and adnate ; cones oblong, rather soft, the oblong scales pointless, and bearing 

 2 thin winged seeds. Many nursery varieties, some of which, especially var. 

 ERICOIDES or HEATH-LIKE A., have the loose awl-shaped sort of leaves. 



T. orientalis, or BIOTA OKIENTALIS, the CHINESE A., not fully hardy 

 far N. : small tree, with even the scale-shaped leaves acute, cone larger, with 

 thicker scales tipped with a recurving horn-like apex or appendage, each 

 2-sceded, and the seeds hard-shelled and wingless. Var. AUREA, the GOLDEN 

 A. is dwarf and very dense, with yellow-green or partly <. olden-tinged foliage. 

 Var. TARTARICA, is a more hardy glossy-green vari. ty, the leaves scale-shaped. 

 Var. MELDEXSIS, one with only loose and awl-shaped leaves. Even the slender- 

 stemmed and weeping T. PENDULA is an extreme variety. 



T. dolabrata, or THUJOPSIS DOLABRATA of Japan. Remarkable for its 

 very flat spray, broad and very blunt large leaves (sometimes ^' long) green 

 above and white beneath ; the cone with thick and rounded scales, each with 

 f> wing-margined seeds. 



10. JUNIPERUS, JUNIPER. (Classical Latin name.) Fl. late spring. 

 1. Leaves (scale-like and awl-shaped, small, the former sort minute and very 



adnate) like those of Cypress and Arbor Vitas,. 



J. Virginiana, RED CEDAR or SAVIN. A familiar shrub and small or 

 large tree, with most durab'e and valuable reddish odorous wood ; the small 

 fruit dark with a white bloom, erect on the short supporting branchlet. 



J. Sabina, var. prociimbens. Rocky banks, trailing over the ground 

 along our northern l> )rd >rs, with the scale-shaped leaves less acute, and the 

 fruit nodding on the short peduncle-like recurved branchlet. 



2. Leaves all of one sort, in whorls of 3, jointed with the stem, linear ivith an awt- 

 shaptd prick! y point, the midrib prominent, also the rib-like margins. 



J. COmmtinis, COMMON- JUNIPER. Erect or spreading shrub ; with very 

 sharp-pointed leaves green below and white on the upper face ; berries large and 

 smooth. The wild, low, much spreading variety is common N. in sterile or 

 rocky ground. Var. HIBERMCA, very erect tree-like shrub, forming a narrow 

 column, is most planted for ornament, from Eu. 



11. TAXUS, YEW. (Classical name, from the Greek for a bow, the tough 

 wood was chosen for bows.) Fl. early spring 



T. baccata, EUROPEAN YEW. Low tree, with thick upright trunk, spread- 

 ing short branches, and pointed dark green leaves about 1' long ; when planted 

 in this country forms only a shrub 



Var. fastigiata, IRISH YEW; a singular form, making a narrow column, 

 the branches appressed ; the leaves shorter, broader, and scarcely in two ranks. 



Var. Canadensis, AMERICAN YEW or GROUND HEMLOCK; shady cold 

 banks and woods N. ; the steins spreading over the ground. 



12. TORRE YA. (Named for our Dr. John Torrey.) Flowers in spring. 

 T. taxifolia. Woods in Florida : a handsome tree, but with the wood and 



foliage ill-scented ; leaves like those of Yew but longer and tapering to a sharp 

 point : hardy as a shrub as far north as New York. T. CALIFORNICA, is the 

 CALIFORNIAN NUTMEG-TREE. T. NUC/FERA, from Japan, is another species. 



13. SALISBURIA, GINKGO-TREE. (Named for R. A. Salisbury.) 



S. adiantifblia (the name denotes the likeness of the leaves to those of 

 the Maidenhair Fern) , a most singular tree, planted from Japan, hardy even 

 N. ; branches spreading ; the fan-shaped alternate leaves with their slender 

 stalks, 3' or 4 long 



