336 SMILAX FAMILY. 



Tamus elephantipes, or TESTUDIN\RIA ELAPHANTIPES, of the Cape 

 of Good Hope, is a curiosity in conservatories; the globular or hemispherical 

 trunk, resting on the ground, covered with very thick bark soon cracked into 

 separate portions, and resembling the back of a tortoise; out of it spring every 

 year slender twining stems, bearing rounded heart-shaped or kidney-shaped leaves. 



1. DIOSCOREA, YAM. (Named for Dioscorides.) Flowers in axillary 

 panicles or racemes : stamens 6 in the sterile ones, separate. Fertile ones 

 producing a 3-celled 3-winged pod, when ripe splitting through the wings. 

 Fl. summer. ^/ 



D. villdsa, WILD YAM: sends up from a knotty roots tock its slender 

 stems, bearing heart-shaped pointed leaves, either alternate, opposite, or some 

 in fours. 9-11-ribbed and with prominent cross-veinlcts. In thickets, com- 

 moner S. : slightly downy, or usually almost smooth, so that the specific name 

 is not a good one 



D. Batatas (or D. JAP6NICA of some), CHINESE YAM : cult, from China 



and Japan, for ornament, or for its very deep and long farinaceous roots, 



a substitute for potatoes, if one could only dig them; with very smooth heart- 



shaped partly halberd-shaped opposite leaves, and produces bulblets in the axils. 



D. saliva, TKUE YAM, with great thick roots, is only of hot climates. 



123. SMILACE^J, SMILAX FAMILY. 



Chiefly woody-stemmed plants, a few herbaceous, climbing or 

 supported by a pair of tendrils on the sides of the petiole, having 

 ribbed and netted-veined leaves and small dioecious flowers, as in the 

 foregoing ; but the ovary is free from the perianth, bears mostly 3 

 long and diverging sessile stigmas, and in fruit is a berry ; the an- 

 thers are only 1-celled, opening by one longitudinal slit (the division 

 of the cell, if any, corresponding with the slit). Consists of the genus 



1. SMILAX, GREENBRIER, CATBKIER, or CHINA-BRIER. (An- 

 cient Greek name.) All wild species, in thickets and low grounds; flowers 

 small, greenish, in clusters on axillary peduncles, in summer, or several of 

 the Southern prickly ones in spring. 



1 . Stems woody, ojlen prickly : ovules and seeds only one in each cell. 

 * Smooth, and the leaves ojlen glossy, 5- ^-ribbed: stigmas and cells of ovary 3. 



f- Berries red : peduncles short: leares 5-rihbed: prickles hardly any. 



S. lanceolata, from Virginia S. : climbs high ; leaves evergreen, lance- 

 ovate or lanceolate, acute at both ends ; roots tock tuberous. 



S. Walter!, from New Jer>cy S. : 6 high ; leaves deciduous, ovate or 

 lance-oval, roundish or slightly heart-shaped ; peduncles flat; rootstock creeping. 

 . - Berries black, often with a bloom: leaves mostly roundish or sumeichat hmrt- 

 moped at base : jied uncles almost always flat. 



S. rotundifblia, COMMON GUKEXHIUER. Yellowish-green, often high- 

 climbing; branchlets more or less square, armed with scattered prickles; leaves 

 ovate or round-ovate, thiekish, green both sides, 2' -3' long; peduncles t'e\v- 

 Howered, not longer than the petioles. 



S. glauaa. Mostly S. of New York: like the preceding, but less prickly, 

 the ovate leaves glaucous beneath and seldom at all heart-shaped, smooth-edged, 

 and peduncles longer than petiole. 



S. tamnoldes. New Jersey to 111. and S. : di tiers from preceding in the 

 leaves varying from round heart-shaped to fiddle-shaped and halberd-shaped, 

 green both sides, pointed, and the ed^es often sparsely bristlv. 



S. Pseudo-China, CHIHA-BRIZ* ; from New Jersey and Kentucky S..- 



root-lock tuberous ; prickles none or rare ; leaves ovate and heart-shaped, green 

 both sides, often contracted in the middle, and rough-ciliate, 3'-5'long; flat 

 peduncles 2' -3' long. 



