64 ALLEN'S NATURALIST'S LIBRARY. 



p. 66 1 (1889) : Lilford, Col. Fig. Brit. B. part xxv. (1893) ; 

 Saunders, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxv. p. 241 (1896). 



(Plate C.) 



Adult Male. General colour above black, with a distinct 

 wash of slate-colour, the scapulars tipped with white ; marginal 

 coverts white ; wing-coverts like the back ; bastard-wing, 

 primary-coverts, and quills slaty- black, the secondaries broadly 

 tipped with white, forming a distinct bar across the wing; 

 first primary with a white tip of nearly three inches in extent ; 

 second primary also largely tipped with white, with a sub- 

 terminal spot of black on the inner web ; third primary almost 

 entirely black, with a white tip ; fourth and fifth primaries with 

 a broad sub-terminal bar of black, preceded by a narrow bar 

 of white on the inner web ; rump, upper tail-coverts, and tail 

 pure white ; head and neck all round, as well as the upper 

 mantle and the entire under surface of the body, including 

 the under wing-coverts and axillaries, pure white ; lower 

 primary-coverts ashy ; quill-lining dark slate-colour, with an 

 ashy shade along the edge of the inner web, and a kind of 

 light ashy shade or pale appearance along the inner line of the 

 shaft ; " bill yellow, the angle of the genys orange-red ; eyelid 

 vermilion ; tarsi and toes livid flesh-colour " (ff. Saunders}. 

 Total length, 28 inches; culmen, 2-6; wing, 19*5; tail, 7-5; 

 tarsus, 3*0. 



Adult Female. Rather smaller than the male, and with a less 

 robust bill. 



Adult in Winter. Similar to the summer plumage, but with a 

 few greyish streaks on the head, and the colour of the bill not 

 so bright. 



Young. Brown above, thickly mottled with bars of white or 

 sandy buff or light brown, with occasionally a bar of black on the 

 feathers, most of which are broadly edged with sandy or white, 

 with sub-terminal bars or markings of black ; rump, upper tail- 

 coverts, and tail mottled with black, the latter marbled with 

 black, in addition to the sub-terminal black bar ; primary- 

 coverts and primaries black, tipped with white, the inner webs 

 of the feathers slaty-brown ; secondaries brown, blacker on the 

 outer web, edged and tipped with white; innermost secondaries 



