COMMON GUILLEMOT. 115 



Young in Winter Plumage. Seems to resemble the adult at 

 the same time of year, but the white on the fore-neck is mottled 

 with blackish fringes to the feathers, those of the hinder part of 

 the white band on the side of the head being also freckled with 

 black. 



Nestling. General colour above dusky chocolate-brown, the 

 head and neck like the back, but covered with hair-like white 

 down ; cheeks white, streaked with black ; under surface of 

 body pure white, the throat slightly freckled with dusky margins 

 to the feathers ; sides of body dusky-brown, the flanks with a 

 white patch, and another white patch on each side of the rump. 



Range in Great Britain. The Guillemot frequents the same 

 localities as the Razor-bill, but is more plentiful than the latter 

 bird. It is found breeding on all suitable cliffs throughout the 

 British Islands, Flamborough Head being one of the best-known 

 localities for the species. Mr. Ussher says that, in Ireland, it 

 " breeds in great colonies on the sea-cliffs, usually in the 

 vicinity of those of the Razor-bill, but on more open ledges 

 and platforms." The same counties may be enumerated as in 

 the case of the Razor-bill, with the exception of Waterford. 



Range outside the British Islands. The present species is found 

 in great numbers in Iceland, and the Faeroes, and up to the 

 Varanger Fjord in Norway, and even to Bear Island. It breeds 

 on Bornholm in the Baltic, and a small colony inhabits the 

 northern end of Heligoland during the summer. Colonies are 

 also found on the northern and western coasts of France, and 

 the most southerly breeding-place is off the coast of Portugal, 

 where Mr. Tait has found and obtained eggs from the Berlengas 

 Islands off the mouth of the Tagus. In North America it 

 breeds from New England down to about 64 N. Lat, and in the 

 Atlantic it is found as far south as 30 N. Lat. in winter, but 

 appears seldom to enter the Mediterranean. The Guillemot of 

 the Pacific coasts is supposed to be a distinct species, and is 

 known as U. calif arnica^ but I cannot find sufficient evidence to 

 separate this bird specifically from U. troile. At first sight the 

 bill seems to be somewhat different, appearing rather stouter, 

 with the angle of the genys more acute, and the flanks have the 

 brown streaks more plainly indicated. Among the European 

 specimens, however, jn the British Museum, I find certain 



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