RED-NECKED GREBE. 199 



reddish-black ; legs and feet dull green, darkest on the joints ; 

 iris, brownish-red" (Seebohm). Total length, 15-5 inches; 

 culmen, 1-4; wing, 6-3; tail, 1*3; tarsus, 1-9. 



Adult Female. Similar to the male, but slightly smaller. 

 Total length, 15 inches; wing, 6'o. 



Winter Plumage. Differs in the want of all the ornamental 

 plumes, the upper surface being blackish, with browner edges 

 to the feathers; crown of head and neck blackish-brown, as 

 also the lores and the sides of the crown ; sides of face and 

 under surface of body white, with the neck ruddy-brown, as 

 well as the sides of the upper breast ; the sides of the body 

 and flanks spotted with dusky-brown. 



Young in Down. Upper parts dark brown, striped with white 

 on the head and neck, and with pale-brown on the back ; the 

 under parts white, striped and spotted on the throat with dark 

 brown (Seebohm). 



Characters. Adult birds are recognised from the three suc- 

 ceeding species by their larger size. The species cannot be 

 confounded with L. cristata in summer plumage, as it has the 

 face and throat grey without any rufous tippet. 



In winter dress the two species are very much alike, but the 

 want of the white lores and eyebrow distinguishes L. griseigena 

 in winter and immature plumage from the corresponding stages 

 of L. cristata. 



Range in Great Britain. The Red-necked Grebe is principally 

 a winter visitor to our eastern coasts, and is rarely found on the 

 western side of England and Scotland, and has only occurred 

 some half-dozen times in Ireland. It is likewise seen on 

 the southern shores of England, but more sparingly than on 

 the eastern ones, though it is said to be not unfrequently met 

 with in Cornwall. 



Range outside the British Islands. The present species breeds 

 throughout Russia from Archangel to the Caspian and Black 

 Seas, as far east as Turkestan, and westwards in the Baltic and 

 Northern Germany to the South of Norway. To other parts of 

 Europe it is a migrant, but Colonel Irby has seen young speci- 

 mens from Marocco, and believes that they were reared in that 

 country. In North America L. griseigena is replaced by a 



