BRASIL. CHAP. XXV. 



sixty thousand cruzados 1 . There are two kinds 

 of cruzados, one the old of four hundred rees, the 

 other the new of four hundred and eighty rees. 

 Taking the medium of these, or that the cruzados 

 are one eighth part of a pound sterling, the 

 amount of the quinto, or duty of a fifth, would be 

 forty-five thousand pounds, and the gross produce 

 five times as much, or two hundred and five 

 thousand pounds. We are disposed to think that 

 this was near the average production of the period 

 under consideration, from the coincidence to be 

 found in the casual remarks of other travellers ; 

 thus Koster, an Englishman, who resided in the 

 north of Brasil, states the amount of the gold 

 as two hundred thousand pounds. Major von 

 Schaffer, who visited the mining provinces of 

 Brasil in 1822, asserts that no more than twenty- 

 four arobas of gold were delivered in to the 

 smelting house at Villa Rica, in Minas Geras, 

 in the preceding year 2 . This would make the 

 decline in ten years to be from two hundred and 

 five thousand to thirty-five thousand pounds. 

 There was probably a decline after the year 



1 Journal von Brassilien, oder vermischte nachrichten aus 

 Brassilien, auf wissenschaftlichen Reisen gesammelt, von W. 

 C. von Eschwege, Weimar, 1818. 



* Brassilien als unabhangiges Reich geschildert vom Ritter 

 von Schaffer, Major der K. Brasillischen Ehrengarde, &c. &c. 

 Altona, 1824. 



