being used to ship hatching eggs. 

 The results showed, considering those 

 situations encountered in the study, 

 that 22 per cent were of the heavy 

 wooden returnable type; 33 per cent 

 were of the regular commercial 

 wooden type (both new and second- 

 hand) ; 35 per cent were secondhand 

 paper cases and 10 per cent were in 

 new paper cases. 



The method of shipping hatching 

 eggs was examined, and the survey 

 indicated that 32 per cent were being 

 shipped by rail, 67.7 per cent by 

 truck, and only 0.3 per cent went by 

 plane. In a check made on 10 lots 

 of hatching eggs for truck shipment 

 to Maryland, it was found that there 

 was an average of six cracked eggs 

 per case as packed for shipment. 

 An average of 10.5 eggs per case 

 were cracked between the farm and 

 a Maryland hatchery About 18 per 

 cent of this occurred between the 

 farm and the terminal and 82 per 

 cent between the terminal and the 

 Maryland hatchery. In three lots 

 shipped by rail to Florida, breakage 

 averaged seven eggs per case in new 

 fiber cases, 10 per cent in good used 

 fiber cases and 27 per cent in heavy 

 returnable cases. In one lot of new 

 fiber cases shipped by air to Florida, 

 breakage was less than three eggs 

 per case. 



Eggs with loose air cells did not 

 hatch. 



Need is shown for use of cases in 

 better condition. One large shipper 

 uses all new fiber cases while another 

 reduces losses by careful packing and 

 the use of good cases. 



L. A. Dougherty and 

 A. M. Atwood 



Rapid Milking as a Means of Sav- 

 ing Time in the Dairy Barn. The 

 emphasis this year has been on prob- 

 lems involved in milking rapidly and 

 easily. Numerous records taken this 



year indicate that some operators, 

 following the timing pattern suggest- 

 ed last year by the leaders of this 

 project, can milk cows at the rate of 

 2.2 man minutes per cow per milk- 

 ing. On the other hand, capable op- 

 erators who are definitely interested 

 in rapid milking and attempting to 

 follow directions are not able to milk 

 the entire herd quickly and easily. 



Attention was directed to individ- 

 ual herds to determine why the op- 

 erator failed to get good let-down 

 and did not milk quickly. As an 

 initial step in three herds, samples 

 were taken from each quarter for 

 biological testing and the udders of 

 the cows were examined physically 

 by the University Veterinarian. In 

 one herd, where the operator milked 

 26 cows in 58 minutes, the tests in- 

 dicated that the udders were normal 

 and free of serious infection. There 

 are not sufficient data available yet, 

 but it is believed that healthy udders 

 may be an important factor in rapid 

 milking. In another herd the tests 

 indicated that a large proportion of 

 the udders were not normal. The 

 operator was not able to milk the 

 cows quickly. In spite of good milk- 

 ing technique, 82 minutes were re- 

 quired to milk 26 cows. 



In several herds, the operators 

 failed to get back quickly enough to 

 the cow which was being milked. 

 When the routine of milking was re- 

 adjusted so that the operator got 

 back to the individual cow and ma- 

 chine stripped for half a minute, 

 most of the cows were milked within 

 four minutes. 



In one herd selected for study, two 

 men, each with two single units, 

 milked 27 cows in 76 minutes. Only 

 one cow was milked out in less than 

 five minutes and machines were left 

 on five cows over 10 minutes. 



Two weeks later, the milking rou- 

 tine was improved and the machines 



