size from small sprouts to trees three 

 inches in diameter, the weed killer, 

 2,4,5-T was applied as a spray to the 

 stumps at the rate of two pints per 

 10 gallons. Cutting was started in 

 May and was continued until July 

 first, the 2,4,5-T solution being ap- 

 plied immediately after cutting. 



The stumps on which the material 

 was applied to the sides as well as 

 to the cut surface have not sprouted. 

 Older stumps of fall and winter cut- 

 ting which were sprayed this spring 

 with 2,4,5-T sprouted considerably. 

 The best technique, as indicated 

 from this year's work, is to apply 

 the 2,4,5-T immediately after cutting, 

 within a few hours, being sure to 

 cover the sides of the stump as well 

 as the cut surface. This was effec- 

 tive even when the stumps were cut 

 as close to the ground as two inches. 

 The technique used was for one or 

 two men to cut the gray birch and a 

 third man to follow up with the 

 hand sprayer. 



One gallon of the 2,4,5-T concen- 

 trate was enough to treat the stumps 

 on this three and one-half acre ex- 

 perimental plot. 



W. W. Smith 



Quackgrass Can Be Controlled 

 with Chemicals. During the past 

 two years, a new herbicide known as 

 TCA has attracted a great deal of 

 attention because of its effectiveness 

 in killing quackgrass. The full name 



of this chemical is Sodium Trichloro- 

 acetate. 



Experiments carried on by the 

 University of New Hampshire De- 

 partment of Botany during the past 

 year indicate that TCA is effective 

 under a variety of conditions with 

 late spring and summer treatments. 

 Early spring and fall treatments have 

 not yet been worked out. In light 

 sandy soils quackgrass was nearly 

 completely destroyed when % lb. of 

 the substance dissolved in a gallon 

 of water was sprayed on 100 square 

 feet of infested area. In heavier 

 soils, containing varying quantities 

 of clay, larger amounts of TCA (up 

 to % and %^ lb.) had to be used for 

 effective control. The herbicide is 

 absorbed chiefly from the soil and 

 not through the foliage. Therefore, 

 grass should be mowed before treat- 

 ment to permit the TCA solution to 

 reach the soil. Our experiments indi- 

 cate that in moderately heavy to 

 heavy soils the residual effect of the 

 chemical in the soil seems to dis- 

 appear within a month to six weeks 

 following application. 



Most farms have areas where TCA 

 could be tried. The preparation of 

 grass-free strawberry beds, or aspar- 

 agus beds, and the removal of grass 

 from the borders of gardens which 

 serve as perennial sources of quack- 

 grass infection are a few suggestions 

 for its use. 



A. R. HODGDON 



Plant Pathology 



New Fungicides for Apple Scab 

 Control. Although a number of 

 fungicides are available for disease- 

 control on fruits, vegetables, and 

 potatoes, there is still need for better 

 ones. The micro-fine wettable sul- 

 furs will control apple scab if ade- 

 quately applied to the fruits and foli- 

 age as protective sprays or dusts; 

 however, as orchard operations do 

 not always make it possible to apply 



sulfur at the proper time, there is 

 a definite need for materials which 

 have eradicative properties. It is 

 for this purpose that Phygon XL, 

 puratized apply spray, puratized 

 agricultural spray, Tag 331, and 

 others have been advocated. Iron 

 carbamate, now available under vari- 

 ous trade names, does not function 

 as an eradicant and has not been as 

 effective as the micro-fine sulfurs for 



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