were spent in feeding 12 calves a 

 special mix. 



A few operators had developed spe- 

 cial facilities for calves and could 

 feed them to better advantage. About 

 four calves were confined in each small 

 pen. Provision was made at the 

 manger end of the pen so that each 

 calf could be tied up in a stanchion 

 and released quickly. A holder in 

 front of each stanchion held the pail 

 in place so that a calf could not over- 

 turn it, and yet it could be placed or 

 removed quickly and easily. At feed- 

 ing time the operator placed the pails 

 in the holders and tied up the calves. 

 He returned later to collect the pails 

 and release the calves. 



Each pen was equipped with a self- 

 fed hay rack which was kept filled. 

 Grain was fed either in the manger 

 or in the calf pails. 



Efficient Practices 



The calf should have special at- 

 tention during the first week. One 

 procedure is confinement individually 

 in very small pens 4 feet x 4 feet for 

 about 10 days (Fig. 58). Such pens 

 can be lined with plywood or heavy 

 canvas to protect the calf from drafts. 

 In the winter months heat lamps can 

 be used if the temperature in these 



MANGER 



SELF- 

 FEEDERy 



oi on^io 



\ 



4 STANCHIONS 



PLYWOOD DIVISION 

 BOARD 



CALF PAIL 



PEN FOR 

 4 YOUNG CALVES 



o 



/ 



WATER 

 BOWL 



HAY SELF-FEEDER 



Fig. 59. Floor plan of a calf pen for 

 calves ten days to three 

 months of age. 



small calf pens drops below 50 de- 

 grees. Three pens of this size will usu- 

 ally suffice for a 40-cow herd. Two 

 calves can occupy a pen if necessary. 

 These very small pens should be 

 cleaned daily. 



MANGER 



PLYWOOD DIVISION 



BOARD -k 



\ 



WATER BOWL 



Fig, 60. Side view of the calf pen, shown in Fig. 59. 



65 



