means and gravity can reduce time 

 in feeding. Total feeding in winter 

 months, including preparation, can be 

 reduced to one and one-half man 

 minutes per cow on most farms and 

 to one man minutes on a few farms. 



7. The labor of cleaning and sani- 

 tation can be reduced on most farms 

 by using proper tools and doing this 

 job less frequently. Cleaning can be 

 reduced to one and one-half man min- 

 utes per cow on most farms. With 

 barn cleaners it can be reduced to 

 one-half man minutes on a few barns. 



8. Proper storage facilities repre- 

 sent the key to efficient bedding prac- 

 tices. 



9. Since the two miscellaneous 

 tasks, currying and turning out cows, 

 can be done at slack periods in the 

 middle of the day, there is consider- 

 able flexibility in the use of labor. 



10. The individual chores can be 

 fitted into a pattern so that each 

 worker has a definite schedule. This 

 avoids confusion and reduces travel 

 and time. This is especially impor- 

 tant in large barns where several 

 men are working. 



11. In fall and spring much of the 

 feeding of roughage can be done out- 

 side. Hay can be fed in self-feeders 

 and silage can be fed in bunks with 

 low labor cost. 



12. In remodeling barns or build- 

 ing new ones, an operator can afford 



to give intensive consideration to his 

 future program. A good layout can 

 mean a large saving in labor each 

 year. 



13. Young calves need special at- 

 tention. However, in feeding them, 

 advantage can be taken of special 

 practices to reduce man minutes. 



14. Young stock over six months 

 can be housed loose in pens in a sep- 

 arate building from the cows. Ad- 

 vantage can be taken of labor sav- 

 ing practices such as hay self-feeders. 

 If housed in stanchions in the same 

 barn with the cows, there is less flex- 

 ibility in the use of labor. 



15. Few operators are in a posi- 

 tion to adopt all the potential efficient 

 practices immediately. It is impor- 

 tant, however, that individual dairy- 

 men initiate a program of acquiring 

 the ideas, "know how," and skills es- 

 sential to such a program and con- 

 tinually study the possibility of mak- 

 ing adjustments and improvements. 



16. The financial benefits from 

 greater efficiency in chore work will 

 depend on how well the operator re- 

 organizes his entire operations. More 

 efficient chore work provides an op- 

 portunity for the farmer to do more 

 field work or take care of more cows 

 with the same man power. It is an 

 aid in increasing output without hir- 

 ing additional labor. 



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