ECHINOIDEA. II. 127 



in the frontal ambulacrum the plates are rather elongate, with single pores; in the antero-lateral 

 ambulacra small, single pores have just begun to appear, in the postero-lateral no pores are seen as 

 yet. The actinal tubefeet are already penicillate, though only with few filaments; the frontal tubefeet 

 are small, by no means very prominent, which is repeatedly said by Agassiz to be an embryonic 

 feature (comp. above p. 96). Only ophicephalous and triphyllous pedicellarise are developed, the former 

 being especially numerous. 



Agassiz points out that the specimen figured by him is remarkable for its globular shape, 

 which is likewise repeatedly emphasized as an embryonic character. As shown by the figures given 

 here the specimen of 4 mm is by no means of globular shape, and it does not suit better for the later 

 stages. Specimens of 9 and i4' nm length are comparatively not more elevated or even globular than 

 that of 4 mm . If the figure 22. PI. XL f of Revision of Ech. is correct in outline, it scarcely repre- 

 sents Spat, ptirpureus , but perhaps S. Raschi, or (if it be an American specimen - - comp. below) 

 Macropneustes spatangoides. In the specimen of 9""" length the actinostome has nearly its definitive 

 shape, only the labrum is not yet prominent over the mouth-opening. The posterior end is nearly 

 vertical, the actinal plastron being only a little prominent beyond the anal area. The abactinal ambu- 

 lacra are not much more developed than in the specimen of 4 mm length, but double pores have 

 appeared in all of them, though only in the posterior series in the paired ambulacra. The subanal 

 plastron (PL XVI. Fig. 32) has almost reached its definite form, the seventh plate reaching well within 

 the fasciole and the eighth being traversed by the fascicle and just reaching a little into the enclosed 

 area. The pore in plate 7 has not yet appeared. - - At a size of 14 i6 mm the specimens have upon 

 the whole the characters of the grown specimens, except that the frontal ambulacrum is much less 

 deepened and the petals are still much narrower than in the adult specimens. Regarding the devel- 

 opment of the apical system, and the appearance of the genital pores I may refer to I/O v en (loc. cit), 

 with whose results my own quite agree. 



This species was taken by the Ingolf at the following stations: 



St. 86 (65 03' L,at. N. 23 47' Long. W. 76 fathoms ? C. Bottom temp.) 9 specimens. 



- 87 (65 02' 23 56' no ? ) 6 



- 98 (65 38' 29 oo' 138 5 9 - ) i 



Numerous specimens were taken by the author at the Faroe Islands, 13 miles W. by S. of 

 Munken, ca. 150 fathoms, and E. off Fugl6, ca. 70 fathoms. 



Bell (Catalogue, p. 166) gives a bathymetrical distribution of this species of 5530 fathoms; 

 I cannot find in the literature the species recorded from a greater depth than 458 fathoms ( Porcupine*, 

 Faroe-Channel. Bell loc. cit). It seems most common at lower depths, down to about 200 fathoms. Its 

 geographical distribution is: along the whole west Coast of Europe, from the Mediterranean and the 

 Azores to the Northern Coast of Norway (Tromso) and the South Coast of Iceland, but not the North 

 Coast, and it is not found in the cold area of the North Atlantic. Further it is said to occur at the 

 Bermudas (Challenger-Ech. p. 171) and at the East Coast of North America (Rathbun. Catalogue 

 (337). p. 288); Verrill, loc. cit.). The statement of its occurring at the Caribbean Islands (Prel. Rep. 

 Blake-Echini (6). p. 83) was corrected by Agassiz himself ( Blake -Echini. p. 64) as being caused by 

 a wrong identification of Macropnestes spatangoides A. Ag. But also the other statements of the occur- 



