74 PENNATUUDA. 



Naples: K. leuckartii); finally on the American side of the Atlantic near George's Bank (41 29' N. Lat., 

 65 47' W. Long., K. scabrunn), and at several other places, not more exactly designated. Its distribu- 

 tion, then, probably comprises the whole northern part of the Atlantic (at all events north of ca. 40) 

 within the territory of the positive bottom-temperatures. It must be observed, however, that a few 

 specimens have been taken by the ? Porcupines and the Tritom outside the warm area, but at its 

 very border, in the peculiar narrow strip of water which stretches from the cold depths of the North At- 

 lantic into the Faeroe Channel towards the Wy ville Thomson ridge. The question is of two localities, very 

 close to each other: 60 14' N. Lat, 6 17' W. Long., and 60 18' N. Lat, 6 15' W. Long., where the respec- 

 tive bottom-temperatures are given as -f- 0.8 C. (the Triton, St. 8, Marsh, p. 120) and -=- 1.1 C. (the 

 Porcupine* 1869, 81.57; see Depths of the Sea PL IV and p. 143); only two specimens were taken 

 at either place. That the occurrence within the cold area must be regarded as a mere exception 

 and is only possible so close to its border, will appear from the fact that neither the North-Atlantic 

 Expedition nor the Ingolf, any more than the Michael Sars or the Thor, have obtained any 

 Kophobelemnon in the really great depths of the cold area of the North Atlantic, and also from the fact 

 that K. stelliferum evidently reaches its highest development in such regions as the Norwegian fjords 

 and especially the Skager Rak where the largest specimens hitherto found have been obtained. 



The bathymetrical range of the species is evidently very wide: in the Skager Rak it 

 has been taken at depths from 26 400 fathoms; at Norway from 20400 fathoms; in the Mediterra- 

 nean at ca. 30 fathoms, as also at greater depths; in the Atlantic itself it has upon the whole been 

 taken at considerable depths, between 420 and 1199 fathoms, but most frequently, it seems, as small or 

 even very small specimens; at America, finally, in depths from 980 to upwards of 2000 fathoms (the 

 latter depth is stated by A. Agassi z in: Three Cruises of the <Blake, Vol. 2, 1888, p. 142, and 

 Verrill for his two species gives depths from 499 to 2369 fathoms; Rep. U. S. Fish Comm., 

 1883, p. 510). 



I shall only add further that the genus Kophobelemnon is also distributed over the Pacific, and, 

 according to the statements in the literature, is represented there by several species; but the number 

 of these will probably also be reduced in future; of one of these species, K. a/fine Stud, its author 

 already states that it is very closely allied to K. stelliferum (Albatross, Rep. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 

 Vol.25, Nr. 5, p. 57), and the same is said by Kolliker (Chall. Rep., p. 16) of a young stage from the 

 seas north-east of New Zealand. 



Fam. Umbellulidce Roll. 

 Umbellula Cuv. 



This genus, which was down to the year 1871 only known from Ellis's and Mylius's im- 

 perfect descriptions of the dried specimens of U. encrinus brought home from the Polar Sea in 1753 

 by the Jutland skipper Adrians, has been proved to have a worldwide distribution in the great depths 

 of the sea by the expeditions of recent times, and several species have now been established. The 

 knowledge of these species, however, leaves much to be desired with regard to accuracy; of several 



